Official Legal Database o…n Communities (C Series)/OJC CD - Justis CD-ROM Official Legal Database.ISO/justis.man

Text File | 1992-11-30 | 165.4 KB | 4,777 lines

1.       Getting Started

1.0.     Changes Made to the User Manual

User Manual Version 4.3c.

     Changes as of December 1992:

     2. 1.  Major change.  Abbreviation given for the new OJC
            CD-ROM.

     13.    Major change.  New chapter and sub-chapters covering
            the Official Journal (C) database and fields.

User Manual Version 4.3b.

     Changes as of September 1992:

     3. 4.  Minor change.  New APPEND option when saving titles to
            a file.

     4. 4.  Minor change.  New APPEND option when saving text of a
            document to a file.

     1.13.  Major change.  New sub-chapter on Data Validity option.

User Manual Version 4.3a.

     Changes as of July 1992:

     2. 1.  Major change.  Abbreviations given for the new Single
            Market databases (SM-CD).

     12.    Major change.  New chapter and sub-chapters covering
            the Single Market databases and fields.

User Manual Version 4.3.

     Changes as of June 1992:

     2. 1.  Minor change.  The CD-ROM identifier 'WL' has been added
            to the abbreviations given for the JUSTIS WL-CD.

     9. 5.  Minor change.  New letter codes A and B have been added
            to the list for the Case Law database (sector 6).

User Manual Version 4.2.

     Changes as of March 1992:

     1.12.  Minor change.  Information on the addition of The Law
            Reports Index databases to JUSTIS WL-CD.  Note on lack
            of index browsing when multiple databases are selected.

     2. 1.  Major change.  Abbreviations given for the newly added
            Law Reports Index databases on JUSTIS WL-CD.

    10. 1.  Major change.  Description given for the newly added
            Law Reports Index databases on JUSTIS WL-CD.
    10. 3.  Major change.  New chapter and sub-chapters covering
            the Law Reports Index databases and fields.
    10. 4.  Minor change.  Sub-chapter number incremented by one.
    10. 5.  Minor change.  Sub-chapter number incremented by one.

User Manual Version 4.1.

     Changes as of March 1992:

     1. 1.  Minor addition on SI-CD and Weekly Law Reports
     1. 2.  Minor addition on printing changes to user manual
     1.12.  Major change to the selection of databases

     2. 3.  Minor addition on using wildcards with CELEX document
            numbers
     2. 7.  Minor addition on inability to use INDEX function
            when searching multiple databases

     7.     The entire tutorial has undergone changes, some major
            and some minor.

     9. 4.  These two chapters and the associated subchapters have
     9. 5.  undergone a major rewrite in order to present more
            information on existing and newly added CELEX fields.

1.1.     Getting Help

JUSTIS 4 gives you considerable help on the screen.  There is a hint
line displayed towards the bottom of the screen.  The hint line
displays a message about where you are in JUSTIS 4 and what you can
do next.

There is more context sensitive help available when you press <F1>.
A screen or more of information will be shown.

It is also recommended that you read the User Manual that is provided
on disc.  Of course it would be most sensible to read the whole User
Manual.  The following guidelines will help if you decide not to read
the User Manual cover to cover.

Read these chapters:

    1     -  Even if you read nothing else!

    2     -  If you want to do queries more sophisticated than
             looking for a single word.

    3     -  If you want to keep the titles you find.

    4     -  If you want to be able to move around documents more
             easily or if you want to keep the text of documents you
             find.

 5 and 6  -  If you want to keep the queries you enter so you can use
             them later.

    7     -  If you find that tutorials are a good way for you to
             learn about a CD-ROM product.

    8     -  If you want to learn more about the European Community,
             its laws and institutions.

    9     -  If you want to find out about CELEX and how to get the
             best value out of this highly structured and very
             European database.

   10     -  If you want to find out about JUSTIS Weekly Law Reports
             and try the examples provided.

   11     -  If you want to find out about JUSTIS Statutory Instruments
             and try the examples provided.


1.2.     Printing the User Manual

You may want to keep a permanent copy of the User Manual on paper.
From any screen, do the following:

    Press <ALT> <A> or press <F9>
    Press <U> to select the User Manual

    1. Check that your printer is turned on ready to print
       and that you have enough paper (about 100 pages)

    2. Check to see that the Print Options are compatible
       with your printer

    4. Press <P> to print the whole user manual

User Manual text is sent to the printer.  Press <ESC> to stop
sending lines to the printer.

You may already have printed out the whole user manual from a
previous disc.  In that case you might only wish to print out the
changes.

To save time and resources, print out chapter 1.0. first to see what
changes have been made. Then you can mark the relevant sections and
print them out.

1.3.     Introduction to Searching

JUSTIS 4 enables you to retrieve, display and output documents from
the CD-ROM database. You can search for any word anywhere in the
database.

You must first construct a question in such a way that the computer
can search the database sensibly. Most computer systems are not
capable of understanding and interpreting natural language. If you
want the computer to carry out a reasonable search, you must
construct a logical and unambiguous set of criteria called a query.

You put together a query using search terms and logical
operators. A search term can be any word, phrase or number. Use
operators, such as AND, OR, NOT, etc to combine search terms
logically. The computer can then sift through the database matching
the search terms to words in documents. The documents that are found
as a result of a search are called hit documents.

1.4.     Where am I?

JUSTIS 4 is used to search all of Context's full-text CD-ROM
products. Some of these products are divided up into separate
databases. The first thing you need to check before doing a search is
that the system is logged onto the right CD-ROM database. Look at the
very top of your screen and at the bottom left-hand corner of your
screen. The full name of the current CD-ROM product should be shown
at the top of the screen. An abbreviation for the current CD-ROM
database is shown in the bottom left-hand corner.

1.5.     Moving around JUSTIS

JUSTIS has three different screen layouts.

    Query Screen    - Create & edit queries
    Titles Screen   - Read and/or keep titles of hit documents
    Document Screen - Read and/or keep text of hit documents

Each screen allows you to keep information about your search
session.  You can save the queries themselves at the Query Screen,
titles at the Titles Screen and part of the text or whole documents
at the Document Screen.  You keep information by printing it out or
saving it to file on disk.

The three screens are very similar. Each has a menu across the top of
the screen. The menu shows the active function keys. The last three
lines of each screen consist of:

    Context-sensitive Hint Line
    Permanent message "<F1> : Help"
    Status Line

1.6.     Entering a Query

You will want to start off by doing some simple queries. At the
Query Screen, you will see a cursor on the screen which is
blinking.  When you start typing, characters will appear on the
screen in that position.  If you do not want to type over an existing
query, press the down arrow key to start a new query.

    Type:   noise pollution

Noise pollution is known as your search term.

1.7.     Search

    Press <F3>.

You have turned your term into a query.  A brief message is shown
on the screen.

    Analysing Query...
then
    Searching...

JUSTIS 4 is looking through the current database (indicated at the
bottom left-hand corner of the screen) for every occurrence of the
phrase "noise pollution".  You can see the number of hits go up as
the search continues.  A message tells you when the search is
finished, and the total number of hits is shown.

    Search Complete.

1.8.     Display Titles

Now you can look at the results of your search.  Choose whether you
want to list the documents in chronological or reverse chronological
order.

      Use the up/down arrow keys and press <ENTER>
or
      Press <C> for chronological order (earliest first)
or
      Press <R> for reverse chronological (latest first)

JUSTIS will now move to the Titles Screen and start collecting the
first screenful of hits.  When the screen is full, a cursor bar
appears highlighting the first title in the list. You can use the up
and down arrow keys to look at different titles.  To look at a full
document, place the cursor bar on the document reference and press
<ENTER>.  You can also press <PgDn> to collect more titles.

1.9.     Display a Document

You are now looking at the Document Screen.  JUSTIS automatically
shows the beginning of the document.  You can move around the
document many different ways using the arrow keys, <PgUp>, <PgDn>,
<HOME> and <END>.

Press <ESC> or <F10> or <ALT> <G> to go back to the Titles Screen and
repeat once again to go back to the Query Screen.

1.10.    Using the Menus

Each JUSTIS screen has a menu at the top of the screen. You can call
a menu item in one of three ways:

      Press the Function Key.
or
      Press the <ALT> key and the highlighted letter key.
or
      Press the <ALT> key, then use the left and right arrow keys to
      select the item you want and press <ENTER>.

For example if you want to browse the index from the Query Screen you
could:

      Press <F5>
or
      Press <ALT> <I>
or
      Press <ALT>. Use the arrow keys to highlight INDEX on the
      menu, then press <ENTER>

1.11.    Changing CD-ROMs

JUSTIS 4 can be used with any of Context's full-text CD-ROM
products.  If you want to change from one CD-ROM to another, do the
following:

      Press <ALT> <D> or press <F6>.
      Press <C> to select another CD-ROM
      Make sure the CD-ROM you want is in the CD-ROM drive.
      Highlight the name of the CD-ROM and press <ENTER>.

1.12.    Changing Databases on a CD-ROM

Some JUSTIS CD-ROMs, such as CELEX and SI, have more than one
database.  You can limit your search to a single database or search
any or all of the databases on the CD-ROM.  The list of available
databases is displayed when you do the following:

    Press <ALT> <D> or <F6>.
    Press <D> or highlight SELECT ANOTHER DATABASE and press <Enter>

To select a single database:

    Use the arrow keys to highlight the database you want
    Press <ENTER>

To select more than one database:

    Use the arrow keys to highlight the first database you want
    Press <F8>
    Mark any other databases you want to search with <F8>
    Press <ENTER>


All new queries will be applied to the database or databases
you have chosen. Look in the bottom left hand corner of your
screen (the Status Line) to see the name of the active CD-ROM
database(s).

CELEX on CD-ROM is divided into six parts: Treaties, Proposals,
Legislation, Cases, National Implementation and Parliamentary
Questions. These subsets of the CELEX database can be searched
individually or in any combination.

Statutory Instruments on CD-ROM is divided into two parts: the
Main Database and the Catalogue Database.

From version WL 2.0, additional databases from the Law Reports
Index have been added to JUSTIS Weekly Law CD-ROM.

Remember that the more databases you choose to search
simultaneously, the broader your search and the more results
you are likely to find.  It might be easier to restrict your
search to a single database if you are researching a very
broad topic.  Remember also that different databases, even
on a single CD-ROM, may have very different data formats and
content.  It may not be logical to combine certain databases.

In any case, you will not be able to browse indexes for
multiple databases selected in this way.  Neither will all
field names be relevant to selected databases.

1.13.    CD-ROM Data Validity

In order to find out how up-to-date the CD-ROM data is do the
following:

    From the Query screen, Titles screen or Document screen

    Press <ALT> <A> or <F9> to hilight the MANUAL option

    Press <D>
      or
    use the cursor keys to hilight the DATA VALIDITY option and
    Press <ENTER>

2.       The Query Screen

2.1.     How to Use the Query Screen

The Query Screen is the main screen you see when you first run
JUSTIS.  At the Query Screen you can create new queries and edit
existing queries. You can also initiate a search, save and reuse
queries, read the user manual and exit JUSTIS from this screen.

The main section of the screen shows a list of queries.  This list is
for your information only and does not affect subsequent queries.
Each time you make a new query it is applied to the whole database
you have selected.  Each query has a number of codes in front of it.
A list of queries might look something like this:

    CLX  S            20        value-added tax
    CLX  S           322        value-added tax or VAT
    CLX  P            15        customs & tariff
    CLX  Q   >=       97        customs & tariff
    WL WLR   >=       28    <>  (VAT or duty free) & violation
    SI   M    ?                  Title[value-added tax]

The first code is the CD and Database code.  The letters
indicate which CD-ROM and database were searched with the query,
for example:

    CLX    CELEX

        CLX T    Treaties, Agreements, etc    Sectors 1/2
        CLX L    Legislation                  Sectors 3/4
        CLX P    Proposed Legislation         Sector 5
        CLX C    Cases of the ECJ             Sector 6
        CLX N    National Implementation      Sector 7
        CLX Q    Parliamentary Questions      Sector 9


    WLR    Weekly Law CD-ROM

        WL WLR   The Weekly Law Reports
        WL CR    Cases Reported            .........
        WL SM    Subject Matter                    :
        WL SN    Ships' Names                      : The Red
        WL CJC   Cases Judicially Considered       :  Book
        WL STC   Statutes Judicially Considered    :
        WL SIC   SIs etc. Judicially Considered ...:

    SI     Statutory Instruments

        SI M     Main SI Database
        SI C     Catalogue Database

    SM     Single Market CD-ROM

       SM SPH   Spearhead
       SM I92   INFO 92
       SM EU    European Update

    OJC    Official Journal (C)

       OJC M    Main Database

The next code indicates the search status of the query.  There
are three possibilities:

         - Search is complete.
    ?    - Query not searched yet.
    >=   - Search was aborted. There may be more hits.

The number of hits is displayed next.  There is one other bit of
information displayed on the Query Screen. A small diamond
appears beside the query last searched. Assuming that there is
at least one hit, highlighting this query with the cursor bar
and pressing <F3> will display the results of that search
without having to perform the search again.  The query with the
diamond is not necessarily the last query in the list, since any
query anywhere in the list of queries can be searched using <F3>.

The status line in the bottom right hand corner of the screen
shows the name of the active query file. A query file holds a
list of queries on your hard disk. You can save queries to
different query files; these can then be used again later.

Saving and reloading queries is explained in Chapter 5.

2.2.     Editing a Query

You can edit a query as often as you like in JUSTIS 4.  The following
are the keys you can use:

    Left arrow key    Left one character
    Right arrow key   Right one character
    <HOME>            Go to first character of query
    <END>             Go to end of query
    <BACKSPACE>       Delete one character to left
    <DEL>             Delete character at cursor
    <INS>             Change between overwrite and insert mode

2.3.     Wildcards

It is often useful to search for all the terms with a common root, or
to cover the possibility of an alternative spelling.

Truncation and character replacement can be performed using
wildcard symbols:

      *           At the end of a term stands for a common root and
                  any number of additional characters.

      ?           Anywhere in a term stands for a single undefined
                  character.

For example:

      medicin*    Finds medicine, medicines, medicinal, etc

      wom?n       Finds woman and women

The metahyphen is used in place of the hyphen.  The metahyphen is a
special kind of wildcard that will search for the two parts of the
term you enter.  It will find the two terms whether they are
separated by a hyphen, split into two separate words or joined
together in a single unhyphenated word.

Type in the term normally making sure to type the hyphen. Examples
follow:

      value-added tax      Finds:    value added tax
                                     value-added tax

      data-base            Finds:    database
                                     data base
                                     data-base

Note re JUSTIS CELEX:  When searching for document numbers in the
CELEX format, use an asterix rather than a question mark, for
example:

      370*0220
      385*1235
      591*0028


2.4.     Logical Operators

2.4.0.   Logical Operators

These operators allow search terms to be combined logically to form
more complex query statements. You may be familiar with search
operators, known as Boolean operators.  They are the ones normally
used to search large textual databases.  Search terms can be combined
in a number of valid ways.

    A and B                Hits contain BOTH A and B
    A or B                 Hits contain EITHER A or B
    A not B                Hits contain A and must NOT contain B
    A and not B            Same as above
    A within 25 of B       Hits contain BOTH A and B within 25
                           characters of one another
    A within 10 before B   Hits contain BOTH A and B within 10
                           characters of one another, but A must
                           appear before B in the text

In JUSTIS 4 you type queries in directly. You can use symbols to
represent the logical operators or type in the operator word itself.

    OPERATORS            Synonyms
    ---------            --------
      AND                 and, &
      OR                  or, |
      NOT                 not, !

You will notice as you build up a list of queries that the operator
words and symbols appear in a different colour (or intensity on
monochrome) to search terms.

2.4.1.   AND Operator

The AND operator is used to retrieve documents which contain all of
the (two or more) input search terms. AND is used to reduce the
number of hits.  At least two search terms must be entered or an
error message will be displayed.  Examples follow:

    air & pollution & motor vehicle*
    restrict & movement & goods
    tobacco and advertis*

2.4.2.   OR Operator

The OR operator is used to retrieve documents which contain any one
of the (two or more) input search terms. OR is used to increase the
number of hits, for example, when a concept can be accurately
expressed using more than one word or phrase.  At least two search
terms must be entered or an error message will be displayed.

    air pollution or hazardous waste
    (US | USA | United States)
    hazardous waste or dangerous substances
    molluscs or bi-valve* or shellfish

2.4.3.   NOT Operator

The NOT operator is used to retrieve documents which exclude a search
term.  NOT is usually used in complex queries to narrow a search, for
example to eliminate hits which match other terms in a query but
are irrelevant to your requirements.

Used on its own, NOT retrieves all the documents in the active
database except those which contain the term you entered.  This kind
of search is rarely used since it generally returns a great number of
hits.

    (air & pollution) and not motor vehicle*
    tax* not income tax*
    ! agriculture

2.4.4.   Proximity Searches

Sometimes you will want to look for documents which have two or more
words near one another but not necessarily in a specific order.  Type
in the terms you want to find and the maximum distance between them.
The distance between terms is measured in characters. Spaces do not
count.

    criteri* within 25 of residence
    protect* within 10 of consumer*
    product* within 40 of liability

On rare occasions the order in which the words appears is important.
In that case, you type in a similar query but specify that the first
term must appear before the second term.  Use these type of searches
with caution as you may unwittingly eliminate relevant documents from
your search.

    consolidated within 10 before accounts
    spirit* within 10 before drinks

You can build up complex proximity searches by using parentheses, for
example:

    jurisdiction within 50 of (enforce* within 20 before judgment*)

In this example, JUSTIS 4 will find all documents in which
jurisdiction is no more than 50 characters in front of or behind an
occurrence of a word that starts with enforce and is followed by no
more than 20 characters by a word that starts with judgment*.  For
example, text from Document No. 385X0111 from CELEX reads:

      The convention is thus a logical complement to the
      legal unification process begun with the convention of
      27 September 1968 on jurisdiction and the enforcement
      of judgments in civil and commercial matters (the
      judgments convention).


This table shows some common distance requirements and the
corresponding average characters distances.

                                     No. of Characters
                                     -----------------
      Within 1 or 2 words                  10
      Within 5 words                       25
      Within 10 words (1 sentence)         50
      Within long sentence                100
      Within 1 to 3 paragraphs            500

For greater distances you will probably be better off doing a simple
AND search rather than a proximity search.

2.5.     Using Query Separators

Queries must be logical in their structure. Use parentheses to
segregate clearly different elements of the query, for example:

    (concentrat* & control*) & ( ! agriculture)

This query will find all documents containing both the words
concentration or concentrating, etc as well as control or controlling
but not those which contain the word agriculture.

If you want to find a phrase which includes one of the operator
words, such as health and safety, you must type quotation marks on
either side of the phrase:

    "health and safety"

If you type in health and safety without quotation marks, JUSTIS 4
will search for documents which have both the words "health" and
"safety" in them but not necessarily the exact phrase "health and
safety".

The quotation marks allow JUSTIS 4 to distinguish between the use of
the word AND as a logical operator and as a word within a phrase.
Note that you do not need to use quotation marks if the phrase you
are looking for does not include an operator word.

If you type in both "health and safety" and health and safety into
JUSTIS 4, you will notice that the and within the quotation marks is
not highlighted as an operator.

2.6.     Searching in Fields

Documents are divided up into fields. Examples of fields could be
TITLE, YEAR OF PUBLICATION, CROSS REFERENCES, etc.

JUSTIS usually searches every word in the entire database regardless
of which field it might be in.  Sometimes it makes sense to restrict
a search to a particular field or group of fields.

From the Query Screen select the FIELD function by doing the
following:

    Press <F4>
or
    Press <ALT> <F>
or
    Press <ALT>. Use arrow keys to highlight FIELD and press <ENTER>

A submenu appears listing the fields that you can search in the
current database.  You can move around in the Field submenu using the
arrow keys or by pressing the alphabetic keys.  For example, press
<T> to move the cursor to the first field whose name starts with T.
Press <T> again to move to the next field whose name starts with T
and so on.  There is an <F1> Help Screen for every field.

If you want to search in a specific field, move the cursor to that
field name and press <ENTER>.  The name of the field is now displayed
on the Query Screen. The blinking cursor appears inside the square
brackets.  You can type in simple or complex queries inside the
square brackets.  Some examples follow:

    TITLE[insurance or assurance]
    DOCNUM[370L0220]
    SUB[agriculture and not (beef or meat)]

You can search in more than one field at a time.  Examples follow:

    Title[dairy or milk] and Form[directive] and Endval[9999]

2.7.     Using the Indexes

The Index is a list of all the words that occur in the database.
The number to the left of each word in an index indicates the
number of times that word appears in the database (or the field
in the database).  To use the index facility, do the following:

    Press <ALT> <I> or press <F5> to select Index
    Enter word root or beginning such as: certif
    Press <ENTER>
    Index for the current database appears

You can select an individual word from the index by pressing
<ENTER>.  Alternatively, select more than one word from the index by
doing the following:

    Highlight the word you want
    Press <F8> to mark the word
    Continue until all the words you want are marked
    Press <ENTER>

When you select multiple words from an index they are grouped
together within parentheses with the OR operator between them.

This use of the INDEX function looks at the index for the entire
active database.  Look at the Status Line on the bottom left hand
corner of your screen to see which database is active.

You can also use the INDEX function to enter terms from a field.

    Press <ALT> <F> or press <F4> to select Field menu
    Select a field, e.g. press <T> repeatedly to highlight Title
    Press <ENTER>
    The field name is now displayed on the current query line

    Press <ALT> <I> or press <F5> to select Index
    Enter word root or beginning such as: thick
    Press <ENTER>
    Index for the Title field appears
    Highlight the word THICKENERS
    Press <ENTER>

    The query now looks like: Title[thickeners]
    Press <ALT> <S> or <F3> to search the query

Using the INDEX function within a field shows only those words which
actually appear in that field in the active database.

NOTE:  You cannot use the INDEX function when searching more than
one database.  For example, if you have selected CELEX Legislation
as well as Proposals, the INDEX function is inoperative.


2.8.     Using Previous Queries

You can always go back and edit a query.  Just move the highlight bar
on the Query screen up and down using the arrow keys.  Sometimes, you
will want to leave the original query intact but use it in a new
query.

Open a new query line by moving to the bottom of the query list with
the down arrow key.  Press <F2> Copy and you will see that an arrow
( -> ) appears just to the left of the query.  Use the up arrow key to
move this indicator to the query you want to copy and press <ENTER>.

The selected query will be copied into the new query line. You can
then edit the query, type in additional terms, add other queries, etc
to form complex queries.

The complete query editing commands are in section 2.2.

2.9.     Examples of Queries

The following examples illustrate the query features that have been
covered in Chapter 2.

    air pollution           No parentheses needed.  Hits will contain
                            exact phrase "air pollution"

    "air pollution"         Same as above

    landlord and tenant     Hits will contain both words "landlord"
                            and "tenant" somewhere in the text

    "landlord and tenant"   Hits will contain exact phrase "landlord
                            and tenant"

    hazardous waste & shipment*

    natural mineral water

    (race or racial or racist or ethn*) within 25 of discriminat*

    (disclos* | confidential* or priva*) & medic* within 10 of
    record*

    (spirit* within 10 of (drink* or beverage*) or wine or liqueur or
    liquor) and label*

    drug* within 25 of (traffic* | abuse* | taking | illegal |
    illicit)

    form[directive] and title[vdu or visual display unit]

The following are examples of queries which may not work as you
intend them to or may not work at all and why:

    protection of consumer or product* within 25 of liabilit*

                            The word of is part of the proximity
                            operator - within xx of.  The first
                            phrase in the query needs quotation
                            marks, i.e. "protection of consumer".

    video or video-cassett* and not dumping or protective measures

                            Should be written as follows: (video or
                            video-cassette*) and not (dumping or
                            protective measures)

    tobacco title[customs within 10 of tariff]

                            There is no operator between tobacco and
                            title.  Should be AND

3.       The Titles Screen

3.1.     How to Use the Titles Screen

Once you have completed a search, the Titles Screen lets you read
through the titles and document references of hits. You can also
mark titles, print or save a list of titles, read the user manual or
select a document to read.

The main part of the Titles Screen shows a list of hit document
references. Once a screenful of references has been collected, a
cursor bar appears on the screen. You can move this bar up and down
using the following keys:

    up arrow key      Up one title
    down arrow key    Down one title
    <PgUp>            Up one page full of titles
    <PgDn>            Down one page full of titles
    <Home>            Go to first title in list

Keep pressing <PgDn> if you want to see all of the titles.

When the cursor bar is on a document reference, that document is
said to be active.  The Title Box contains the title of the
active document. Watch the titles in the Title Box change as you
move the cursor up and down the screen.

The status line in the bottom right hand corner of the screen
shows information about the list of titles and the active
document. The first message might look something like this:

     Hit : 2/25

This message tells you two things: there are a total of 25
documents in this hit list and the cursor bar is on the second
title in the list.

The second message in the status line might look something like
this:

     Number of Lines: 213


This message tells you how many lines are in the active
document. The number of lines in a document gives you an
indication of its size.  Information about the size of a
document may help you to decide whether you want to look at the
full text.

3.2.     Marking Titles

You can keep all the titles listed or mark selected titles to
keep.  Mark titles by doing the following:

    Highlight the title you want to keep with the cursor bar
    Press <ALT> <M> or press <F8>
    A check mark appears beside the title

You can mark as many titles as you like.  Repeat the steps above
to unmark a title.

3.3.     Printing Titles

You should first check to see that the Print Options are
compatible with your printer.  You have a choice of printing
formats: Page Breaks or Continuous.  If, for example, you use a
dot matrix printer with continuous paper, choose Continuous.  If
you use a laser printer or daisy wheel printer, choose Page
Breaks.

When you choose Page Breaks, you should enter the number of
lines per page as well as the top and bottom margins to allow.
The Print Options will remain the same until you change them.

To print out titles do the following:

     Make sure your printer is properly connected and powered on
     Press <ALT> <P> or press <F6> to go to Print menu

Now decide whether you want to print all the titles or only
marked titles.

     Press <P> to print all titles
OR
     Press <M> to print marked titles

Titles will be sent to the printer.  A message appears on screen
counting the number of titles that have been sent to the printer
so far.  Press <ESC> to stop sending titles to the printer.

3.4.     Saving Titles

If you want to save titles to a file rather than print them out
on paper, do the following:

     Press <ALT> <V> or <F7> to go to Save menu

Now decide whether you want to save all the titles or only
marked titles.

     Press <S> to save all titles
OR
     Press <M> to save marked titles

     Type in the name of a file in which to save the titles

You should type in a unique file name of not more than eight
letters.  You can use a maximum three letter extension following
a fullstop if you want to.  Some examples of valid file names
are: sample1.ttl, 370L0220.x, and titles.123.

Titles are written to the file name you entered.  A message
appears on screen counting the number of titles that have been
written to the file so far. Stop saving titles to the file by
pressing <ESC>.

If you type in the name of a file which already exists, a
message will ask if you want to APPEND to or OVERWRITE that file.
If you overwrite the existing file any titles that might have been
in it will be lost.

4.       The Document Screen

4.1.     How to Use the Document Screen

You can read the whole text of a hit document from the Document
Screen. You can also print out or save the whole document or marked
sections of the text.

The status line in the bottom right hand corner of the screen shows
information about the displayed document. The first message is the
same as on the Titles Screen and might look something like this:

      Hit : 2/25

This means that you are looking at the second hit out of a total of
25 documents in the hit list.

The second message in the status line might look something like this:

      Line : 52/213

This message tells you where you are in the document. In this
example, the line of text on the top of the screen is the
fifty-second line out of a total of 213 lines in the document. There
is also a scroll bar on the right hand side of the screen which
shows your relative position within a document.

You can move around the Document Screen using the following keys:

      arrow keys - move up or down by a single line
      <PgUp>     - move up by a single page
      <PgDn>     - move down by a single page
      <Home>     - move to top of document
      <End>      - move to end of document

You can keep track of where you are in a document by watching the
scroll bar on the right hand side of the screen and by looking at
the line number indicated on the bottom right hand corner.

There are some function keys on the menu at the top of the screen to
help you move around within a document.

<F2> Bookmark - Sets a temporary bookmark on or off.  Lets you
                "keep your place" while you read other parts
                of the document (e.g. a footnote).

                If Bookmark is set, there is a small tag
                visible on the scroll bar to the right of your
                screen.  Press <F2> again to return to your
                bookmark from elsewhere in the document.  The
                bookmark is not kept once you leave the
                document.

<F3> Find     - Lets you find a word within the document, for
                example, if you want to move directly to
                Article 18.  Note:  Find only searches forward
                in the document from your current position.
                If you want to search the entire document, hit
                <HOME> first.

<F4> Hit      - Takes you to another document within the hit
                list.  You can move to the next or previous
                document or to a specific document such as the
                5th document in a list of 20.

<F5> Term     - Takes you directly to an occurrence of your
                search term in the document. For example, if
                you are reading a long document and want to
                jump directly to a word you used in your
                query.

4.2.     Marking Document Text

If you want to keep part of the text of a document, you must
first mark the section of text you want as described below:

    Press <ALT> <M> or press <F8>
    Move the cursor bar to the first line of text you want
    to keep
    Press <ENTER>
    Move the cursor bar to the last line of text you want
    to keep using the up or down arrow keys, <PgUp>,
    <PgDn>, etc

Now that the text you want to keep is marked, you must decide
whether you want to print it or save it to a file, with <F6> or
<F7> respectively.

4.3.     Printing Document Text

If you want to print out document text, first check to see that
the Print Options are set correctly for your printer.  Choose
between Page Breaks or Continuous.  If, for example, you use a
dot matrix printer with continuous paper, choose Continuous.  If
you use a laser printer or daisy wheel printer, choose Page
Breaks.

When you choose Page Breaks, you should enter the number of
lines per page as well as the top and bottom margins to allow.
The Print Options will remain the same until you change them.

If you want to print out part of the text of the document you
must first mark it (see section 4.2).  To print document
text do the following:

    Make sure your printer is properly connected and power is on
    Press <ALT> <P> or press <F6> to go to Print menu
    Press <P> to print the whole document
OR
    Press <M> to print marked text

The document text is sent to the printer.  A message on screen
counts the number of lines that have been sent to the printer so
far.  Press <ESC> to stop sending lines to the printer.

4.4.     Saving Document Text

If you want to save part of the text of the document you must
first mark it (see section 4.2).  Do the following to save
document text to a file.

    Press <ALT> <V> or <F7> to go to Save menu
    Press <S> to save the whole document
or
    Press <M> to save marked text
then
    Type in the name of a file in which to save the titles

You should type in a unique file name following DOS rules for
file names, i.e. eight alphanumeric characters followed by a
fullstop followed by three alphanumeric characters.

The text is written to the file name you entered.  A message
appears on screen counting the number of lines that have been
written to the file so far. Stop saving text to the file by
pressing <ESC>.

If you type in the name of a file which already exists, a
message will ask if you want to APPEND to or OVERWRITE that file.
If you overwrite the existing file any text that might have been
in it will be lost.

5.       Keeping Queries

5.1.     Marking Queries

You can mark individual queries so that you can keep them later.
From the Query Screen, do the following:

    Use the up/down arrow keys to highlight a query
    Press <ALT> <M> or press <F8>
    A check mark will now appear beside that query

Repeat this same process to unmark a query.

5.2.     Saving Queries

You may want to keep a set of queries permanently on hard disk to be
used in later sessions. Use the Save menu or save queries when you
exit JUSTIS. Do the following if you want to save queries from the
current session:

    Go to the Query Screen
    Press <ALT> <V> or press <F7> to go to Save menu
    Press <S> to save all queries
OR
    Press <M> to save marked queries only

    A directory listing of saved query files is displayed
    Type name of new file and press <ENTER>

Query files are kept on your hard disk.  Each query file should be
given a unique name of no more than eight letters. You can save
queries to any existing subdirectory or to a floppy diskette.  To do
this, simply type in a path name as well as a file name, e.g.
c:\justis4\savefil or a:myquery.  JUSTIS automatically adds a file
extension of .QRY to every saved query file.

If you enter an existing file name, JUSTIS will ask you if you wish
to overwrite that file.  If you do overwrite a file, you will no
longer be able to access the queries that were in it.

You can enter an existing file name by typing it in directly or by
doing the following:

    Press <TAB>
    Highlight name of file to overwrite and press <ENTER>

5.3.     Loading Queries

Once you have saved some queries to hard disk you will want to reload
them at some time in the future.  From the Query screen use the Save
menu:

    Press <ALT> <V> or press <F7> to go to Save menu
    Press <L> to load a file of saved queries
    A directory listing of saved query files is displayed
    Enter name of file and press <ENTER>

Since you can save queries to any subdirectory or to a floppy
diskette, you may need to type in a different path name to look at a
different subdirectory.  For example, you may like to keep all of
your query files in a separate subdirectory from the JUSTIS programs,
e.g. c:\justis4\queries\ or a:.

Once you see the name of the query file you want displayed on the
screen, you can either type the name of the file or press <TAB> and
use the arrow keys to highlight the filename.  Then press <ENTER>.

The saved queries replace your current JUSTIS search session.  When
you load a query file, you may be asked if you want to save your
current queries.  If you say yes, your current queries will be saved
to the query file whose name is displayed on the status line on the
bottom of the screen.

6.       Ending a JUSTIS Session

6.1.     Saving the Current Session

    Go to the Exit menu by pressing <ALT> <E> or press <F10>
    Press <S> to save all the queries in the session
or
    Press <M> to save only the marked queries

The queries will be saved to the query file whose name is displayed
on the status line on the bottom of the screen.

Each time you run JUSTIS 4 it will start up with the queries that are
held in the default.qry file.  (See the status line on the bottom of
the screen)  If you want to reload queries from a different file do
the following from the Query Screen:

    Press <ALT> <V> or press <F7> to go to Save menu
    Press <L> to load a file of saved queries
    A directory listing of saved query files is displayed
    Press <TAB>
    Highlight the name of the file you want and press <ENTER>

6.2.     Deleting the Current Session

    Go to the Exit menu by pressing <ALT> <E> or press <F10>
    Press <D> to delete all the queries in this session

7.       Tutorial

7.1.     Introduction

This tutorial will illustrate the main facilities of JUSTIS 4. The
JUSTIS software should be installed according to the instructions in
the card which accompanies the disc.

Most of the examples in this tutorial are based on JUSTIS CELEX
CD-ROM.  You can use JUSTIS 4 just as well with other Context CD-ROMs
such as Statutory Instruments and JUSTIS Weekly Law Reports.  Most of
the example searches in this tutorial will work with these other
databases, but of course the documents you find will be different.
Examples of searches to try with SI-CD and WL-CD appear at the end of
the tutorial.

Note:

      Abbreviated help is available on-screen at all times on the
      Hint Line towards the bottom of the screen.  Press <F1> for
      more specific help from almost anywhere in JUSTIS 4.

7.2.     Simple Word/Phrase Search

First perform a few simple searches looking for single words or
phrases. The main screen is called the Query Screen.  It is on this
screen that you will create new queries and edit existing queries.

The cursor should be on a blank line ready for you to type in a
query.  It will look something like this:

    CLX L    ?

If the cursor is not on a blank line, press the down arrow key
until you reach the bottom of the list of queries on the
screen.  You can type in upper or lower case.

    Type:  good manufacturing practice
    Press <F3> or <ALT> <S> to start the search

JUSTIS searches for every occurrence of the phrase "good
manufacturing practice" in the database. A series of messages is
displayed on the screen while JUSTIS is searching.

    Analysing Query...
then
    Searching...

You can see the number of hits go up as the search continues.
The total number of documents found is shown when the search is
complete.

    Press <ENTER> to display titles.

Watch as the hit document references are collected.  You will
see how to open documents later in the tutorial.  For now go
back to the Query Screen.

    <F10> or <ALT> <G> to go back to Query Screen

Your query looks like this:

    CLX L    ?        good manufacturing practice

    Press the down arrow key to open a new query line.
    Type:  insurance
    Press <F3> or <ALT> <S> to start the search

This search returns a large number of documents.  You may abort
long searches by pressing <ESC> or wait till the search is
complete.

When JUSTIS has stopped searching, you will see that the number
of hits is large, so you need to refine the search.  You can
look at the results of your search at this point, but for now
hit <ESC> to start a new query.

7.3.     Narrowing a Search with AND

The cursor is still on your "insurance" query.

    Type:  and motor vehicle

Be careful to put a space between "insurance" and "and".  Your
query will like this:

    CLX L    ?        insurance and motor vehicle

    Press <F3> or <ALT> <S> to start the search

JUSTIS 4 will search for the documents which have both terms
"insurance" and "motor vehicle" somewhere in the text.  When
JUSTIS has stopped searching, you will see that the number of
hits has gone down.  Now have a look at the results of your
search.

7.4.     Displaying Titles

Let's say you want to see the title of the most recent document
first, so:

    Press <ENTER> or <R> for reverse chronological order

JUSTIS 4 will start compiling a list of hit documents.  When the
first screenful of references has been collected, JUSTIS 4 will
pause.  A cursor bar appears which you can move up and down
using arrow keys, <PgUp>, <PgDn>, <HOME>, etc.  The document
whose reference is highlighted is said to be active.  The
title of the active document appears in the Title Box at the top
of the Titles Screen.

    Use the up and down arrow keys to move around the titles
    Watch the Title Box at the top of the screen change
    Look at the status line on the bottom right of the screen

The message will change as you move the cursor bar up and down.
At the top of the list it will read, 1/12, meaning that the
cursor bar is on the first title out of a list of 12.

    Place the cursor bar on document 390L0232 (or 3/12 on the
    status line)
    Press <ENTER>

7.5.     Displaying a Document

Now you are looking at the contents of a single document on the
Document Screen.  You may move around in the document using
various scrolling keys.  Look at the Hint Line for a list of
basic keys. Notice that the words you searched for, "insurance"
and "motor vehicle" are highlighted.  Press <PgDn> until Article
5 is displayed as follows:

    Article 5
    1. Member states shall adopt the necessary measures to
    ensure that the parties involved in a road traffic
    accident are able to ascertain promptly the identity of
    the insurance undertaking covering the liability
    arising out of the use of any motor vehicle involved
    in the accident.

Look at the bottom right hand corner of the screen - the Status
Line.  You will see that the document has a total of 198 lines.

    Press <HOME>
    The status line now shows:  Lines: 1/198

The line number shown is the line of text at the top of the
Document Screen.

    Look at the scroll bar on the right side of the screen
    Press <PgDn> a few times

The scroll bar shows your relative position in the document.

    Press <END>
    Look at the status line and the scroll bar.

These two indicators will help you keep your place while in a
document.  Now go back to the Query Screen.

    Press <F10> or <ALT> <G> or <ESC> twice

7.6.     Using Wildcards

Spelling variations in databases like CELEX can be a problem.
CELEX is a very large database covering a long timespan
(1952-present).  Over this length of time language can change
significantly especially with regard to technical terms.  In
addition much of CELEX has been translated from another European
language into English.

Of course you should always be flexible when searching a
full-text database.  You want to find documents which match a
particular concept, but your only tools to interrogate large
databases are words.  For example, when you search for a single
word you will most likely want to find its plural, different
tenses and different parts of speech.

One way of overcoming spelling variations is by using wildcards.
There are three wildcards in JUSTIS 4.  Read section 2.3. of the
User Manual for a full explanation.  You will use two wildcards
in the following example:

    Press down arrow to start a new query
    Type:  data-base*
    Press <F3>
    When search is complete, press <ENTER> to display titles

Now look at a few of the documents you have found.

    Use arrow keys to put the cursor bar on 391D0317
    Press <ENTER> to open the document
    Press <F5> and <N> to go to the next found term
    See how your term appears in the text: database
    Press <F10> or <ESC> to go back to Titles Screen

    Use arrow keys to put the cursor bar on 390l0313
    Press <ENTER> to open the document
    Press <F5> and <N> to go to the next found term
    See how your term appears in the text: data-base
    Press <F10> or <ESC> twice to go back to Query Screen

7.7.     Widening a Search with OR

Remember when you are searching a full-text database like CELEX
that a concept can be expressed in many different ways.  In this
example, you want to find documents dealing with illegal copying
of video tapes.  Start off with a range of possible words
connected by the OR operator.  Have a look at your results and
either widen or narrow your search based on the content of the
documents you find.

    Press down arrow to start a new query
    Type:  copyright or hiring-out or rental or pirat*
    Press <F3>
    When search is complete, press <ENTER> to display titles

Use the down arrow key to browse through the titles getting a
general feel for the kind of documents you found.

    Press <F10> or <ESC> twice to go back to Query Screen

7.8.     Using Previous Queries

By now, you will have noticed the list of queries being built up
on the screen. It is possible to combine these queries to build
a new query.  Use <F2> Copy from the top menu to save you time
retyping search terms. JUSTIS 4 displays all the search terms
from combined queries.  This makes the query easier to follow
than the traditional query number method of combinination, e.g.
#1 & #2.

    Move the cursor bar down to start a new query
    Type: video-casset* and
    Press F2 to copy a previous query
    Use the up arrow key to place the pointer -> on:

    CLX L        ?    copyright or hiring-out or rental or
                      pirat*

    Press <ENTER>
    Now your query looks like this:

    CLX L        ?    video-casset* and (copyright or hiring-out or
                      rental or pirat*)

    Press <ALT> <S> or <F3> to search
    When search is complete, press <ENTER> to display titles

    Use arrow keys to put the cursor bar on 389D0467
    Press <ENTER>

Do not hit <ESC>; just carry on to the next section.

7.9.     Find Words in a Document

To find all the occurrences of the search terms in a document
use the Term item on the menu.

    Press <HOME> if you are not already at the top of the document
    Press <F5> or <ALT> <T> for the Term menu
    Press <N> for next term

JUSTIS will automatically scroll to the next found term in the
document.  Try the sequence a few more times.  JUSTIS 4 will
beep when there are no more terms in the document.

You can also look for any other word in the hit document using
<F3> for Find.

    Press <HOME> to go back to the top of the document
    Press <F3> or <ALT> <F>
    Type: television
    Press <ENTER>

Note that <F3> Find only searches forward in the document from
your current position.  You won't find much if you try Find at
the end of a document. JUSTIS 4 beeps when it can not find a
word.  Browse around this document as much as you like, then:

    Press <F10> or <ESC> twice to go back to Query Screen

7.10.    Looking through Hit Documents

    Press down arrow to start a new query
    Type:  instant coffee
    Press <F3> or <ALT> <S> to search
    Press <ENTER> to display titles

This search retrieves a small number of documents.  Glancing
briefly through the titles shows that they are all likely to be
of some relevance to your query.

    Place cursor bar on first document: 385L0573
    Press <ENTER>
    Press <F5> and then <N> to go directly to "instant coffee"

Use the <F4> Hit menu item to go to a different document.

    Press <F4> or <ALT> <H>
    Press <N> to go to next document
    Press <F5> and then <N> to go directly to "instant coffee"

After browsing throught this document, repeat the process to
look at the last document.  Now try something different:

    Press <F4> or <ALT> <H>
    Press <H> to select Hit Number ...
    Type:  1

Look at the status line.  You are now looking at the 1st
document in a list of 3 hit documents.

Do not press <ESC>, as you are going to save some of the text of
the current document.

7.11.    Keeping Text from a Document

You should now be at the top of document 385L0573.

    Press <F5> and then <N> to go directly to "instant coffee"

Now mark the text that you want to save, i.e. the EC definition
of instant coffee.

    1. Coffee extracts to which this Directive applies
    (a) "Soluble coffee", "instant coffee", "dried coffee
    extract" or "dried extract of coffee" means coffee
    extract in powder, granular, flake, cube or other solid
    form, of which the coffee-based dry matter content is
    not less than  95% by weight.  This product may not
    contain any substances other than those derived from
    its extraction.

    Press <F8> or <ALT> <M> to mark.
    Use arrow keys to move to first line of text to save
    Press <ENTER>
    Use arrow key to expand highlighted area over all the text
    you want to save

Now you must decide if you want to keep the text in a file on
your computer or print it out on paper.

    Press <ALT> <V> or <F7> to go to Save menu
or
    Press <ALT> <P> or <F6> to go to Print menu
then
    Press <M> to save or print the marked text

If you chose to save the text you must enter a file name.  See
section 4.4 for more information on saving text.  For now do the
following:

    Type: coffee.txt
    Press <ENTER>

There is now a file containing the text you highlighted on your
hard disk in the subdirectory from which JUSTIS4 is run.  You
can edit it or incorporated it into a word-processing file.

Browse through the results as much as you like and press <F10>
twice when ready to continue.

7.12.    Changing Databases

Search for proposals on the rules and regulations applied to
food additives.  As proposals are in Sector 5 of CELEX and the
current Sector is 3/4, you will have to change the active
database.

    Press <F6> or <ALT> <D> for Data
    Press <D> to select another Database
    Press <P> to select Proposals

Look at the left side of the status line.  The database
information has changed from Legislation to Proposals. Now,
using the basic principle of starting with a simple search,
do the following:

    Press down arrow to start a new query
    Type:  food*
    Press <F3> or <ALT> <S> to search
    Press <ENTER> to display titles

This search returns a very large number of hits and will take
awhile to complete.  Press <ESC> to abort the search.  Press
<ENTER> to look at the first screenful of titles.  Notice that
all of the document references start with the number 5 now.  This
is correct as Proposals are found in Sector 5.

    Press <ESC> to return to Query Screen

There are really too many documents to look through, so press <F10>
or <ALT> <G> or <ESC> to go back to the Query Screen.

7.13.    Proximity Searches

Narrow down your search bearing in mind what you are trying to
find proposals on rules and regulations applied to food additives.

    Leave the cursor on the current query
    Type: within 20 of additive*
    Press <F3> or <ALT> <S> to search

This search is similar to an AND search except the two terms, in
this case "food*" and "additive*" have to appear within 20
characters of each other.

    Press <ENTER> to look at the titles
    Use the down arrow and scan through the titles

7.14.    Keeping Titles

As you browse through, some of the titles look relevant to
your search.

    Place the cursor bar on 588PC0852
    Notice that this document is indicated as a final com doc

Being classified or passed as a final com doc is the stage
immediately proceeding full acceptance of a directive.  As this is
the case mark the current document and the other final com docs
in the following way:

    Place the cursor bar back on 588PC0852
    Press <F8> to mark the title
    A check mark appears beside the reference

    Go back to scanning through the titles and mark two more
    titles:  587Pc0243 and 586Pc0087

Now depending on whether you want to save or print the titles,
do the following:

    Press <ALT> <V> or <F7> to go to Save menu
or
    Press <ALT> <P> or <F6> to go to Print menu
then
    Press <M> to save or print the marked titles

If you chose to save the titles you must enter a file name.  See
section 3.4. for more information on saving titles.  For now, do
the following:

    Type: food.ttl
    Press <ENTER>

There is now a file called food.ttl on your hard disk in the
subdirectory from which JUSTIS4 is run which contains the titles
you marked.

    Press <F10> or <ALT> <G> or <ESC> twice

For the rest of the tutorial, move back to the Legislation Sector
by doing the following:

    Press <F6> or <ALT> <D> for Data
    Press <D> to select another Database
    Press <L> to select Legislation

7.15.    Searching in Fields

The text of each document in the database is divided into
several fields. Searching can be confined to a specific field
using <F4> Field.  For example, let's say you are looking for EC
directives on the labelling of household appliances with regards
to energy consumption.  Start off with a simple search, like:

    energy within 100 of label*

Browsing throught the titles, you will see that this search
retrieves a number of irrelevant documents, so narrow down
your search. Move the cursor with the arrow key to just behind
the word "energy" and add the word "consumption".

    energy consumption within 100 of label*

You get fewer documents with this search, but there are
directives, recommendations and resolutions mixed in with your
results.  You can use the CELEX field, FORM, to specify whether
you want to retrieve a directive, regulation, resolution, etc.
(See section 2.6. and 9.5. for more on fields and section 8 for
explanation of different types of EC legislation.)  Go back to
the Query Screen and do the following:

    Press <END> to move the cursor to the end of the query
    Type: and
    Press <ALT> <F> or <F4> to open Field menu

The Field menu appears listing the names of all the searchable
fields.

    Highlight FORM using the arrow keys or by pressing <F>
    Press <ENTER>
    Type: directive

Your query now looks like this:

    CLX L        ?      energy consumption within 100 of label*
                        and FORM[directive]

    Press <F3> or <ALT> <S> to search

Look through the titles in the usual way.

    Highlight document: 379L0530
    Press <ENTER>

Browse through the document as much as you like, then go on to
the next section. Do not press <ESC>.

7.16.    Saving a Whole Document

In the section above, you looked for a particular directive.
Now you want to save the document to a file on a floppy diskette
so that it can be used by a word processor on another machine.
You should now be looking at the full text of the document
379L0530. Do the following:

    Press <ALT> <V> or <F7>
    Press <ENTER> or <S> to save the whole document
    Make sure there is a formatted diskette in drive A
    Type: a:379L0530.txt
    Press <ENTER>

The whole document is now written to an ASCII file on your
floppy diskette.

7.17.    Printing a Whole Document

If you want to keep a copy of a document on paper instead of or
in addition to an ASCII file, do the following:

    Press <ALT> <P> or <F8>
    Press <O> to check the print options

Especially on long documents, you will want to check that the
print options are set correctly for your printer.
See section 4.3. for a complete explanation of printing options.

    Press <C> for continuous feed or <P> for page breaks
    Set page length and margins if using page breaks
    Press <Y> if you want to pause between pages
    Press <ENTER> or <P> to print the whole document
    Make sure the printer is ready
    Press <ENTER>

The whole document is printed out with copyright information.

    Press <F10> or <ALT> <G> or <ESC> twice

7.18.    Tracing the History of a Document

For this example, assume you want to find legislation on
turnover tax exemptions.  You know that there have been a number
of directives dating from the 1970's and these have been amended
heavily.

The CELEX database is fully consolidated. Any new document which
modifies a previous document indicates this change in the
MODIFIES field. The change is also indicated in the old document
in its MODIFIED field. The result is that whatever document you
may be looking at, there exists a full record of any
modifications which either affect it or are affected by it.

Start simple as usual by looking for:

    turnover tax*

Then try:

    turnover tax* within 50 of exemption

Now try and make the search more specific by looking for these
words only in the title.

    Press <HOME> to go to beginning of query
    Type: title[
    Press <END> to go to end of query
    Type: ]

Your query now looks like this:

    CLX L        ?      title[turnover tax* within 50 of
                        exemption]

    Press <F3> or <ALT> <S> to search

    Press down arrow and <ENTER> or just <C> to display titles
    in chronological order

Browse through the titles in the usual way and then do the
following:

    Highlight document: 369L0169
    Press <ENTER>
    Press <F3> to find a word and type: modified
    Press <ENTER>
    You can now see the MODIFIED field

The MODIFIED field lists the document numbers of those documents
which have amended or replaced sections of this document.  You
can make use of the document number and the CROSSREF group of
fields to do simple but comprehensive searches of the database.
The document number fields are much more reliable than the text
since the numbers aren't affected by shifting language and
spelling variations.

    Press <F10> or <ALT> <G> or <ESC> twice
    Press down arrow to start a new query
    Press <ALT> <F> or <F4> to open Field menu

The Field menu appears listing the names of all the searchable
fields.

    Highlight CROSSREF using the arrow keys or by pressing <C>
    Press <ENTER>
    Type: 369L0169

Your query now looks like this:

    CLX L        ?      CROSSREF[369L0169]

    Press <F3> or <ALT> <S> to search

Look through the titles in the usual way.  All of the documents
you found have in some way modified, referred to or been modified
by EC Directive No. 169 of 1969.  You can do the same search in
Sector 5 to find proposals and Sector 6 to find cases which
involve this directive.

7.19.    Index

Earlier in the section on wildcards, section 7.5., you learned about
the need to be flexible when entering queries.  Besides wildcards,
you can use <F5> Index to enter a number of terms with similar
beginnings.

In this example, look for documents about food handling certificates.

    Press down arrow to start a new query
    Press <ALT> <I> or <F5> for Index
    Type: handl
    Press <ENTER>
    Highlight: HANDLE
    Press <F8>
    Highlight: HANDLED
    Press <F8>
    In the same way, mark: HANDLERS, HANDLES and HANDLING.
    Press <ENTER>

Your query now looks like this:

    CLX L        ?      (handle or handled or handlers or
                        handles or handling)

Note that you could use a wildcard "handl*" as well, but it
would pick up a few words you don't want.  Carry on adding to
your query, as follows:

    Type: within 100 of (food* & certif*)
    Press <F3> or <ALT> <S> to search

Browse through the results. Using the features you've learned
such as: <F3> Find, <F4> Hit and <F5> Term.

    Press <F10> or <ALT> <G> or <ESC> twice to go back to
    Query Screen

7.20.    Index within a Field

You can also use <F5> Index within a field, although the Index
display will take longer.

Look for all the documents in Sector 3/4 which have "lawyer" in
the title.

    Press down arrow key to start a new query
    Press <ALT> <T> or <F4> for the Field Menu
    Highlight: TITLE
    Press <ENTER>
    Press <F5> for Index
    Type: lawy
    Press <ENTER>
    Highlight: LAWYERS
    Press <F8> to mark

This search retrieves one document so:

    Press <ENTER> to display the title
    Press <ENTER> to display the document

Read through the document, especially paragraph 2 of article 1.

    2. " lawyer " means any person entitled to pursue
    his professional activities under one of the
    following designations :
    Belgium : avocat - advocaat
    Denmark : advokat
    Germany : rechtsanwalt
    France : avocat
    Ireland : barrister
    solicitor
    Italy : avvocato
    Luxembourg : avocat-avoue
    netherlands : advocaat
    United Kingdom : advocate
    barrister
    solicitor

You can save or print this paragraph if you want to.  Now go back and
see how many of these other words for "lawyer" appear in document
titles.  Use the index if you want to.

Your query might end up looking something like this:

    CLX L        ?   Title[lawyers or (avocat or avocats) or
                     (advocat or advocate) or (avvocati or
                     avvocato) or rechtsanwalt or (barrister or
                     barristers) or (solicitor or solicitors)]

In the example query, none of the parentheses are necessary.
They are added automatically when you enter more than one term
from an index.  The do not interfere with the logic of the
query.

7.21.    Search Examples for Other JUSTIS CD-ROMs

  Statutory Instruments

    licen* within & (crop within 25 of inspect*)
    Commence[July 1988] and gaming
    national health service trust
    goods vehicle and passenger
    (travel agent* or tour operator*) & value-added tax
    (personal | occupational) within 25 of pension*
    Date[1987] & Number[409]

  Weekly Law Reports

    lump sum award
    "landlord and tenant"
    (equal treatment | discriminat*) & wom?n
    land within 50 of registrat*
    personal injur* and (hearsay within 25 of evidence)
    prayer for relief
    companies act within 25 of 1985
    leave to appeal & (Criminal Justice Act within 20 of 1987)
    ("duty of care" or negligence) & Title["Court of Appeal"]
    Catchwords[national health service]
    war risk* within 50 of (insur* or assur*)

  Single Market

    copyright
    bank* within 50 of directive
    statutory instrument*            ... INFO 92
    HEADINGS[aerospace]              ... EUROPEAN UPDATE
    HEADINGS[occupational]           ... INFO 92
    IMPLEMENTATION[si or act]        ... SPEARHEAD


8.       European Community Law

8.1.     Introduction to the Community

The European Community is in fact three Communities; each one
established by a separate treaty.

ECSC    - European Coal and Steel Community Treaty of ECSC 1951
EEC     - European Economic Community, Treaty of Rome 1957
EURATOM - European Atomic Energy Community, Treaty of Rome 1957

These three Communities share the same Member States and the same
Community institutions. Through common usage and a resolution of the
European Parliament these three Communities have come to be
designated as `the European Community'.

8.2.     Member States

The European Community has 12 Member States

    Belgium          Ireland
    Denmark          Italy
    France           Luxembourg
    Germany          Netherlands
    Great Britain    Portugal
    Greece           Spain

The European Community is considered to be a supranational body with
independent authority to which the Member States are subject.

8.3.     European Community Institutions

8.3.1.   The European Commission

The Commission is made up of 17 members appointed by the governments
of the Member States for four year terms. The Commission represents
the starting point of every Community action. It is the Commission
which submits proposals and drafts the Council for adoption. The
Commission also has some lawmaking powers although these are subject
to the Council's right to veto under certain circumstances.

The Commission can refer matters to the Court of Justice if it
believes rules of the Community have been infringed.

8.3.2.   The Council of Ministers

The Council of Ministers is the supreme legislative body which has
the power to adopt rules of the Community. The Council consists of
one or more representatives of the governments of each Member state.
Generally these representatives are highly placed government
officials responsible for the matters under consideration, such as
the Minister of Agriculture or the Secretary of State for Foreign
Affairs.

The Council of Ministers has the last word in the Community law
making procedure.

8.3.3.   The European Parliament

Members of the European Parliament are elected by the citizens of
each Member State. The European Parliament has supervisory powers
over the Commission but not over the Council. The Commission must
submit an annual report of its activities to the Parliament. The
Parliament can ask the Commission to resign after a vote of no
confidence.

The Parliament has indirect power over the legislative process of the
Community. Ordinarily, the Council presents a proposal to the
Parliament for consultation. The Parliament then debates the proposal
and can vote to accept or reject the proposal and can also propose
amendments. The Council, however, is not generally bound by the
Parliament's suggestions.

Parliament does have some absolute legislative power in the area of
budget law.

8.3.4.   The Court of Justice of the European Communities

The Court of Justice is overseen by thirteen judges appointed by
common accord of the governments of the Member States and assisted by
six advocate-generals. Both judges and advocate-generals serve six
year terms. The Courts main objectives are ensure the interpretation,
uniform application and development of Community Law. The Court of
Justice therefore deals with the whole gamut of areas covered by
Community Law.

The Court has jurisdiction over a number of adversarial situations
including the following:

 -    Actions brought by Member States against a Community
      institution

 -    Actions brought by the Commission against a Member State for
      infringement of the Treaties

 -    Actions brought by individuals against the Community

 -    Making minor amendments to the ECSC Treaty

The Court of Justice is an important source of law in the sense that
it generates case-law which sets precedents and interpretations used
throughout the legislative process. The Court can hand down a number
of different types of judgements or actions such as an action for
annulment to obtain cancellation of a binding legal Community act or
a judgement of liability for damage caused by Community legislation.

8.3.5.   Other Community Institutions

 - Economic and Social Committee

      Advises the Council and the Commission on matters within the
      economic and social realms.

 - European Investment Bank

      A source of capital for activities sponsored or organised by
      the European Community.

 - European Court of Auditors

      Produces annual financial reports on the activities of the
      various Community institutions. These reports are then
      published in the Official Journal.

8.4.     Types of European Community Law

8.4.1.   Primary Legislation

Primary legislation consists of the founding treaties including:

  -   Treaty of Paris establishing the European Coal and Steel
      Community (ECSC) of April 1951

  -   Treaty of Rome establishing the European Economic Community
      (EEC) of March 1957

  -   Treaty of Rome establishing the European Atomic Energy
      Community (Euratom) of March 1957

  -   Merger Treaty establishing a Single Council and a Single
      Commision of the European Communities of April 1965

  -   Accession Treaty and Acts of Accession accepting Denmark,
      Ireland, and the United Kingdom to the EEC and Euratom of
      January 1972.

  -   Association Agreements with Greece, Turkey, African, Caribbean
      and Pacific States, etc


In JUSTIS CELEX CD-ROM primary legislation is in Sectors 1 and 2.

8.4.2.   Secondary Legislation

Secondary legislation consists of laws created by the Community
institutions and includes regulations, directives, decisions and
recommendations.

Regulations and General ECSC Decisions

      The definition of a regulation is a legal act which has general
      applications, is binding in its entirety and directly
      applicable in all Member States. The definition has also been
      assigned to general decisions based on the ECSC.

      These two types of legislation apply directly to the citizens,
      courts and governments of each Member State and therefore do
      not have to be transferred into domestic laws to have the force
      of law.

      Regulations and general ECSC decisions are chiefly designed to
      ensure uniformity of law across the Community. They are used to
      establish and develop market organizations, for example there
      are regulations on restrictive practices and freedom of
      movement.

Directives and ECSC Recommendations

      Directives and ECSC recommendations are binding laws addressed
      to one or more Member States. These laws state objectives to
      which the addressee must confirm within a specified time frame.
      Unlike regulations, directives and ECSC recommendations must be
      implemented by Member States by altering their domestic laws to
      comply with the stated objectives.

      This process is known as `harmonization' or `approximation of
      laws' since it involves the alignment of domestic policy
      throughout the Community.

Decisions

      EEC and Euratom decisions and individual ECSC decisions, as
      opposed to general ECSC decisions, are acts directed at
      specific individuals, firms or Member States. These acts are
      binding on the addressees in their entirety. Decisions
      addressed to Member States are directly applicable in the same
      way as directives.

Nonbinding Legislation

      Opinions and EEC and Euratom recommendations are generally
      addressed to Member States and may state a view on a specific
      situation or urge the addressee to adopt certain behaviour but
      they are not legally binding or enforceable. Opinions need not
      follow the legislative procedure but may be issued directly
      from the originating Community institution. The details of
      European Community programmes are outlined in resolutions.

8.5.     The Legislative Process

The Commission has the right of initiative. That is to say that all
binding legislation must originate from the Commission. The
Commission draws up a proposal which it then submits to the Council
with a detailed explanation. The Council refers the proposal to the
European Parliament and possibly the Economic and Social Committee
for consultation. This consultation results in an opinion possibly
suggesting amendments which is transferred to the Council. This
opinion is not binding on the Council. After further discussion
within the Council the proposal is adopted. Generally speaking it is
the Council which implements measures carrying proposed legislation
into effect although in certain circumstances these implementing
measures rest or are transferred to the Commission.

After adoption certain acts must, virtue of law, be published in the
Official Journal of the European Communities. These acts include
regulations and general ECSC decisions and recommendations. Such acts
becomes effective on the date of their entry into force.

Other acts such as directives, decisions, and ECSC recommendations do
not need to be published but generally speaking these are also
published in the Official Journal, especially if the addressee
includes one or more Member States. Such acts become effective upon
notification.

9.       CELEX - The Database

9.1.     Introduction to CELEX

The CELEX database, on which JUSTIS CELEX CD-ROM is based, is the
inter-institutional computerized documentation system for Community
law. It was originally intended for in-house use only by the
Community institutions and Community civil servants but has been open
to the public since 1981. CELEX is a highly codified database with a
great deal of added value in addition to the fact that the full text
of most documents is included.

9.2.     CELEX Sectors

CELEX is divided into sectors as follows:

Primary Legislation

  Sector 1   Treaties establishing the European Communities,
             subsequent treaties amending or supplementing them and
             the Accession Treaties

  Sector 2   Agreements and other legal acts resulting from external
             relations maintained by the European Community, or by
             the Member States where such relations are connected
             with the Community

Secondary Legislation

  Sector 3   Both binding and nonbinding secondary legislation such
             as regulations, directives and decisions under the EEC
             and EAEC Treaties and decisions and recommendations
             under the ECSC Treaty; opinions, recommendations (EEC,
             EAEC), resolutions, rules of procedure, reports and so
             on

  Sector 4   Supplementary legislation, such as decisions of the
             Member States' representatives meeting within the
             Council, and international agreements concluded between
             Member States in order to implement the Treaties

The Secondary Legislation as it appears in CELEX corresponds to those
acts which are printed in the Official Journal of the European
Community (L series) with the exception of those acts governing
day-to-day management which are mainly concerned with agriculture and
are valid only for a few weeks.

In the English version of CELEX, sectors 2 to 4 contain all acts in
force on 1 July 1979 and all subsequent acts. Therefore legislation
which was obsolete on or before 1 July 1979 is not included.

Proposed Legislation

  Sector 5   Preparatory works, references to proposed legislation

Case Law

  Sector 6   Reports of the European Court of Justice

National Implementation

  Sector 7   References to national law implementing EC legislation.
             Each member state is responsible for supplying
             references of its own implementing legislation to the
             Commission.

Parliamentary Questions

  Sector 9   References to questions raised by members of the
             European Parliament


Summary of CELEX Sectors

    1/2    Treaties
    3/4    Legislation
    5      Proposed Legislation
    6      ECJ Case Reports
    7      National Implementation
    9      Parliamentary Questions

9.3.     Structure of CELEX documents on JUSTIS CELEX CD-ROM

Users familiar with the CELEX database either directly or through the
JUSTIS On-Line service will recognise the format of the documents on
JUSTIS CD-ROM. Those unfamiliar with CELEX or those users who have
previously dealt only with the paper version of the Official Journal
of the European Community will need to familiarise themselves with
the CELEX fields and coding structure.

CELEX is a highly codified database with a great deal of added value
in addition to the fact that the full text of most documents is
included. Classification and identification codes, various dates,
cross references and bibliographic data is appended to the familiar
full text of Community acts. Some acts, specifically the proposed
legislative acts in Sector 5, consist entirely of these codified
fields; the text being deemed too transitory to be included in the
CELEX database.

9.4.     CELEX Fields and Lexicons

9.4.0.   CELEX Fields and Lexicons

Fields are given abbreviated names which appear on the left hand side
of the document in all uppercase letters. On JUSTIS CELEX, the first
three fields of each document are usually the DOCNUM, PUBREF and
TITLE.

For convenience, fields are put in groups containing similar
information or information in a similar format. These groups are
called lexicons.

Searches can be restricted to individual fields or lexicons. For
example, the user can choose to search only in the TITLE field or
only in the BIBLIO lexicon. Only one lexicon or field can be chosen
for any one search query. If no lexicon or field is chosen, the
search automatically looks through all existing fields.

The CELEX lexicons are outlined below.

9.4.1.   BIBLIO Lexicon

Contains standard and codifed bibliographic information about
the document in the fields named below.

     DOCNUM  Identification number of document. NOTE: as this
             field is very important and highly codifed a
             special chapter has been devoted to it, 9.5.


     AUTHOR  Originating institution, body, country or
             person; name of MEP asking question

             Example 1 (in Legislation) :
             AUTHOR   : Council;

             Example 2 (in Case Law) :
             AUTHOR   : Court of Justice of the European Communities

     FORM    Legal form of the act (Treaty, regulation,
             decision, written question, etc)

             Example:

             FORM     : Regulation

     TREATY  Treaty (EC, EEC, ECSC, Euratom) under which
             the act has been adopted

             Example:

             TREATY   : European Economic Community;

     TYPDOC  Sector code, sector name, year and a letter code
             to allow interrogation on CELEX sector, type of
             document and year of reference

             Example:

             TYPDOC   : 3; Secondary Legislation; 1989; r

             In this example the letter code is 'r' which
             indicates Regulation.  The letter codes used are
             the same as for document numbers and are listed in
             chapter 9.5.

9.4.2.   CROSSREF Lexicon

There are a number of fields which crossrefer a document to other
documents within CELEX.  The contents of these fields always
includes document numbers in document number format.

Use the CROSSREF lexicon to retrieve a complete legislative
history of any document.

        LEGBASE  Legal basis of the document in question.

                 Example:
                 LEGBASE  : 157E043

                 ( article 43 of the EEC treaty )

        LEGCIT   Acts referred to, other than the legal basis
                 of affected acts.

                 Example:
                 LEGCIT   : 588IP0349

        MODIFIES This field contains the document number(s) of
                 the act(s) affected by the act in question.

                 Example:
                 MODIFIES : 366R0136..........amendment.....
                            Replacemnt art.20bis fr 2/10/89
                            589PC0228.........Adoption......

                 i.e. the document which contains this field
                 affects  i) Council Regulation 136 of 1966
                 and   ii) Cimmission Proposal 228 of 1989.

        MODIFIED This field contains the document number(s) of
                 the act(s) which affect the act in question.

                 Example:
                 MODIFIED : 366R0136

                 i.e. the document which contains this field
                 has been modified by Council Regulation 136
                 of 1966.

        SUBSPREP Contains document number(s) of (plus comment on)
                 the act(s) referring to the document in question.

                 Example:
                 SUBSPREP : Amend.prop.by 591PC0023

        EARLACTS Contains document number(s) of (plus comment on)
                 the act(s) referred to in the preparatory act in
                 question.

                 Example:
                 EARLACTS : 584PC0569.........EP-opinion....
                            not-proposing-amend.

        COURTDEC Court decision substantively affecting the act in
                 question.

                 Example:
                 COURTDEC : art.05    : declared void by 687J0218
                            art.17    : declared void by 687J0218

        JURCIT   Acts quoted in the "grounds" of a Court
                 decision or in the text of the opinions.

                 Example:
                 JURCIT   : 379R0355-a12p2 : n 1 - 35
                            381r0997-a17p1 : n 4 9

        CONCERNS Acts quoted in the operative part of Court decisions.

                 Example:
                 CONCERNS : I 157E177

                 i.e. article 177 of the EEC treaty.

9.4.3.   OJ Lexicon

Contains text of documents derived directly from the printed
Official Journal.

     TITLE   Official title of the document

             NOTE: In CELEX Sector 6 TITLE is part of the REPORTS
             Lexicon as there is no OJ Lexicon for Case Law

             Example:

             TITLE
             Council Regulation (EEC) no 2902/89 of 25 September
             1989 amending regulation no 136/66/EEC on the
             establishment of a common organization of the market
             in oils and fats

     TEXT    Full text ( in force on 1.7.1979 )

     CORRIG  Full text of any corrigenda to the act
             ( in force on 1.7.1979 )

9.4.4.   DATE Lexicon

This lexicon includes all the date fields listed underneath
the lexicon name DATE on the menu.  In other words, not all
date fields apply to all CELEX databases.

        PUB     Date of publication in the Official Journal.

                Example:
                PUB      : 1989/09/16;

        DOC     Date of adoption of act or delivery of Court
                decision.

                Example:
                DOC      : 1989/09/25;

        NOTIFIED Date of notification.

                 Example:
                 NOTIFIED : 1991/06/04

        INFORCE Date on which the act became operative, followed by a
                comment specifying the nature of the date ( entry
                into force, implementation, takes effect ).

                Example:
                INFORCE  : 1989/10/02=Entry into force;

        ENDVAL  Date of end of validity.

                Example:
                ENDVAL   : 9999/99/99;


        TRANSPOS Dates by which Member States must have complied

                TRANSPOS : 1991/12/01

        LODGED  Date when the case was lodged with the Court registry.

                Example:
                LODGED   : 1987/10/12;

        DESPATCH Date of despatch or debate of a parliamentary
                 question or date of transmission of a proposal or
                 resolution.

                 Example:
                 DESPATCH : 1990/07/20;

        REPLY    Date of reply to a parliamentary question.

                 Example:
                 REPLY    : 1990/08/03;

        DEBATE   Date of debate on a resolution or opinion.

                 Example:
                 DEBATE   : 1985/09/13;

        VOTE     Date of vote on a resolution or opinion.

                 Example:
                 VOTE     : 1985/09/13;

        RATIFIED Date of ratification of an agreement, followed by
                 names of countries having ratified.

                 Example:
                 RATIFIED : 1984/07/20=Belgium; 1984/01/16=Italy;
                            1983/10/24=Netherlands; 1984/07/09=Cyprus;

        SIGNED   Date of signing of an agreement, followed by
                 place of signing.

                 Example:
                 SIGNED   : 1982/09/29=Strasbourg;

9.4.5.   NATIONAL Lexicon

The NATIONAL Lexicon applies to Sectors 3,4 and 7, i.e. Legislation
and National Implementation.  Each member state of the EC is assigned
a field in which the national implementation of EC directives is
reported.

    BELPROV      Belgium
    DEUPROV      Germany
    DNKPROV      Denmark
    ESPPROV      Spain
    FRAPROV      France
    GBRPROV      Great Britain
    GRCPROV      Greece
    IRLPROV      Ireland
    ITAPROV      Italy
    LUXPROV      Luxembourg
    NLDPROV      Netherlands
    PRTPROV      Portugal


9.4.6.   INDEXEP Lexicon

Contains keywords and descriptive phrases according to European
Parliament nomenclature to help classify the document.

     DESCRIPT  Keywords describing the content of the document

               Example:

               DESCRIPT : action against drugs - drug - common
                          policy - young people - education -
                          international convention ....

     ABSTRACT  Summary of the European Parliament's
               resolution

               Example:

               ABSTRACT : The EP approved the Commission's
                          Proposal to reduce the capacity of
                          the Spanish fishing fleet by 100 000
                          grt, but requested that the reduction
                          not be made ....

9.4.7.   REPORTS Lexicon

Contains keywords and descriptive phrases according to European
Court of Justice nomenclature in addition to other recognised
indicators to the case to help classify a case report.

     TITLE     Official title of the document

               NOTE: Title is included in the REPORTS Lexicon in
               CELEX Sector 6 (Cases) only.  For all other CELEX
               Sectors TITLE is found in the OJ Lexicon

     INDEX     Keywords describing the content of the Court's decision

               Example:

               INDEX
               Questions referred for preliminary ruling - nature
               of questions - national legislation - interpretation
               - pension - classification in relation to another
               national legislative system - lack of jurisdiction
               on the part of the court
               (EEC treaty, article 177)

     SUMMARY   Summary of the Court's decision

               Example:

               SUMMARY
               The court has no jurisdiction to give a preliminary
               ruling on the question of the classification under
               the legislation of one member state of a benefit
               awarded under the legislation of another member
               state, as such a question pertains to national law
               alone.

     ISSUE1    Names of the parties

               Example:

               ISSUE1
               In case 93/75 reference to the court under article
               177 of the EEC treaty by the commission de premiere
               instance du contentieux de la securite sociale et
               de la mutualite sociale agricole, Paris, for a
               preliminary ruling in the action pending before
               that court between jacob adlerblum, residing in
               Paris, and ....

     ISSUE2    Subject of the case

               Example:

               ISSUE2
               On the question whether a pension awarded by a
               member state to a national of another member state
               as compensation for injuries caused by persecution
               on racial grounds is in the nature of a social
               assistance benefit, ....

     COURT     Composition of the Court

               Example:

               COURT
               The court composed of : R. Lecourt, president,
               H. Kutscher, president of chamber, A. M. Donner,
               J. Mertens de Wilmars, P. Pescatore, M. Soerensen
               and lord Mackenzie Stuart, judges,
               advocate-general : A. Trabucchi
               registrar : A. Van Houtte
               gives the following judgment:

     GROUNDS   Grounds of the decision

               Example:

               GROUNDS
               By decision of 2 July 1975, received at the
               registry on 2 September 1975, the commission de
               premiere instance du contentieux de la securite
               sociale, Paris, referred to the court under
               article 177 of the EEC treaty ....

     RECITALS  All provisions cited in the decisions
               ( no longer used in recent judgments )

     COSTS     Court's decision on costs

               Example:

               COSTS
               The costs incurred by the Commission of the
               European Communities, which has submitted
               observations to the court, are not recoverable.
               As these proceedings are, in so far as the
               parties to the main action are concerned, in
               the nature of ....

     OPPART    Operative part of judgment

               Example:

               OPPART
               The court in answer to the question referred
               to it by the commission de premiere instance
               du contentieux de la securite sociale, Paris,
               by decision of 2 July 1975, hereby rules :
               the court has no jurisdiction to give a
               preliminary ruling on the question of the
               classification ....

9.4.8.   PARTIES Lexicon

Contains details of parties involved in a case before the ECJ.

     APPLICAN  Applying institution, body or country, or
               where appropriate the key words "official"
               or "individual"

               Example:
               APPLICA  : France;

     DEFENDAN  Defending institution, body or country, or
               where appropriate the key words "official"
               or "individual"

               Example:
               DEFENDA  : Commission;

     OBSERV    Institutions, bodies or Member States
               having presented observations on the case

               Example:
               OBSERV   : Commission;

9.4.9.   MAGISTR Lexicon

Contains details of advocate-general and judge-rapporteur.

     ADVGEN    Name of the Advocate-General who delivered
               the opinion on the case

               Example:
               ADVGEN   : Mischo


     JUDGRAP   Name of the Judge-Rapporteur for the case

               Example:
               JUDGRAP  : Koopmans


9.4.10.  Other CELEX Fields

 - PUBREF Field

   Publication references (Official Journal, Court Reports).

        Example 1 (in Legislation):

        PUBREF : Official Journal no. L 280, 29/09/89 p. 0002


        Example 2 (in Case Law):

        PUBREF   : Reports of cases 1988 pages 6295


 - SUB Field

        The list of possible subject matters comprises some 200 terms
        which correspond broadly to the chapters of the Treaties
        establishing the Communities. For example, the terms
        "commercial policy" and "dumping" identify those documents
        which deal with anti-dumping regulations.

        The more useful words for use as search terms are the lower
        level subject matters such as "fruit and vegetables" or
        "dominant position" rather than the main headings "agriculture"
        or "competition".

        Example:
        SUB      : Agriculture; oils and fats;

 - REGISTER Field

        Numerical classification code in the
        Directory of Community legislation in force.

        Example:
        REGISTER : 03605900;

 - ADDRESS Field

        States, institutions or individuals to which
        the act is addressed.

        Example:
        ADDRESS  : Commission;

 - AUTLANG Field

        Authentic language version of an act, or
        language of the case.

        Example:

        AUTLANG  : French;


 - PREPWORK Field

        References of preparatory acts (proposals,
        opinions) resulting in the act in question.

        Example:
        PREPWORK : Proposal Commission; com 89/0228 final;
                   OJ C 142/89 p 6
                   Opinion European Parliament; given on
                   15/9/89

 - MISCINF Field

        Miscellaneous information such as recipients
        of food aid.

        Example:
        MISCINF  : Syn 87

 - INFCENP Field

  This field contains the date (or dates) on which
  national measures implementing the directive enter
  into force.

  Written in the form DD/MM/YYYY CC# where CC stands
  for a two character country code.

     BE - Belgium                    IR - Eire
     DE - Germany                    IT - Italy
     DK - Denmark                    LU - Luxembourg
     ES - Spain                      NL - Netherlands
     FR - France                     PT - Portugal
     GR - Greece                     UK - United Kingdom

  Example:

  INFCENP  :  01/10/1980 BE1; 22/12/1983 BE2: 10/07/1984 DE1

 - DESPNPR Field

  This field contains the date (or dates) on which
  national measures were communicated to the Commission.

  Written in the form DD/MM/YYYY CC# where CC stands for
  a two character country code.

     BE - Belgium                    IR - Eire
     DE - Germany                    IT - Italy
     DK - Denmark                    LU - Luxembourg
     ES - Spain                      NL - Netherlands
     FR - France                     PT - Portugal
     GR - Greece                     UK - United Kingdom

  Exemple:

  DESPNPR  :  01/10/1980 BE1; 22/12/1983 BE2: 10/07/1984 DE1

 - LEGISLAT Field

        Term of office of the European Parliament since
        direct elections, eg. first, second ...

        Example:
        LEGISLA  : Third legislature;

 - POLGROUP Field

        Political group and nationality of MEP.

        Example:
        POLGROU  : Socialist group; British nationality;


 - DEPOS Field

        Depository body for agreements.

        Example:
        DEPOS    : Council of the EC - Secretary-General;

 - NATIONA Field

        Country of the origin of the applicant or country
        to which the court referring the case belongs.

        Example:
        NATIONA  : Federal Republic of Germany;

 - NATCOURT Field

        References of orders or decisions referring the
        case for a preliminary ruling.

        Example:
        NATCOUR  : *A1* 1975/07/02 : commission de 1ere
                   instance du contentieux de la securite
                   sociale et de la mutualite sociale
                   agricole de paris. 7eme section
                   (79.558/75)
                   *p1* 1976/02/24 : commission de 1ere
                   instance du contentieux de la securite
                   sociale et de la mutualite sociale
                   agricole de Paris (79/558/75)
                   *p2* 1977/01/26 : cour d' appel de Paris.

 - NOTES Field

        Reference of articles on the judgment of the
        Court, published in law journals.

        Example:
        NOTES    : Lasok, k.P.E.: European Competition
                   Law Review 1990 p.125-127

 - PROCEDUR Field

        Nature, and where possible, outcome of the
        proceedings.

        Example:
        PROCEDU  : Reference for a preliminary ruling
                   - inadmissible;

 - OPINION Field

        Text of the opinions of the Advocates-General
        before the Court of Justice or Court of first
        instance.

        Example:

        OPINION
        Mr president,
        members of the court,
        1. Erzeugergemeinschaft Goldenes Rheinhessen W.V.
        is a group of wine-growers recognized by the state.
        It has laid down rules relating to production and
        quality which its members must observe when making



9.4.11.  CELEX Fields for Display Only

Display only fields are not selectable from the FIELDS Menu.
Generally speaking the information in display only fields is
in mixed format and is usually redundant.


DATES Field

   Shows all the dates relevant to the document (except that of
   publication), with comments where appropriate.

        Example:

        DATES    : of document....... : 25/09/1989
                   of effect......... : 02/10/1989; entry
                   into force dat.pub + 3 see art 2
                   of end of validity : 99/99/9999; see
                   366R0136

9.5.     CELEX Document Numbers

Each document in CELEX has been assigned a unique document
number, which usually contains eight characters or digits. This
number is used in the following fields to identify and crossrefer
documents:
                                  Found in CELEX Sector
                                  ---------------------
     DOCNUM                         1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9
     LEGBASE                        1,2,3,4,5
     LEGCIT                         1,2,3,4,5,    9
     MODIFIES                       1,2,3,4,5,    9
     MODIFIED                       1,2,3,4,5,    9
     SUBSPREP                         2,3,4,5
     EARLACTS                               5
     COURTDEC                           3,4
     JURCIT                                   6
     CONCERNS                                 6

Document numbers are constructed using the following format:

Sector Number + Year + Document Type + Document Identifier

Sector Number - (1 digit)
Indicates the sector in which the document can be found:

       1 - Treaties
       2 - External Agreements
       3 - Secondary Legislation
       4 - Supplementary legislation
       5 - Proposed legislation
       6 - Case Law
       7 - National Implementation
       9 - Parliamentary Questions

Year - (2 digits)
Last 2 digits indicating the year of publication of the
document.

Document Type - (1 character)
Within each sector you can find a further classification of
documents. The letter codes which have been assigned to
each of these categories are listed below:

Sector 1  A  Euratom treaty (1957)
          B  Accession treaty DK, IRL, GB, N (1972)
          E  EEC Treaty (1957)
          F  Treaty establishing a single council and
             a single commission (1965)
          G  Amending treaty (Greenland) (1985)
          H  Accession treaty GR (1979)
          I  Accession treaty P, E (1985)
          K  ECSC treaty (1951)
          R  Treaty amending certain financial provisions
             Treaty amending certain provisions of the
             statute of the European investment bank (1975)
          U  Single European Act (1986)

Sector 2  A  Agreements with non-member countries or
             international organisations

Sector 3  B  Budget
          C  Censure
          D  Decision
          K  ECSC Recommendations
          L  EEC/EURATOM Directives
          R  EEC/EURATOM Regulations
          S  ECSC GENERAL Decisions
          X  Other Acts (resolutions, opinions, etc.)
          Y  Other Acts published in the OJ C series

Sector 4  A  Agreements between member states
          D  Decision (of the representatives of the
             governments of Member States meeting within
             the Council
          X  Other Acts published in the OJ L series
          Y  Other Acts published in the OJ C series

Sector 5  AC  ESC opinions (if consulted)
          AG  Miscellaneous council preparatory acts and
              assents (ECSC) treaty
          AK  ECSC consultative committee opinions
          AP  EP opinions (if consulted)
          BP  EP preparatory acts for the budget
          CC  Court of auditors opinions
          DC  Miscellaneous Commission preparatory acts
              (communications, programmes, reports)
          IC  ESC opinions (own initiative)
          IP  EP opinions (own initiative)
          PC  Commission proposals

Sector 6  C  Opinions of the Advocate-General
          J  Judgment
          O  Order
          S  Seizure
          T  Third party proceedings
          V  Opinion
          X  Ruling
          A  Judgment of the Court of First Instance
          B  Order of the Court of First Instance

Sector 7  L  National provisions implementing directives

Sector 9  E  Written Questions
          H  Questions asked during question time
          O  Oral Questions

Document Identifier  (4 digits)
This is an identifying number for the document (such as the
directive number). For 3-digit numbers a leading zero must
be added.

Example

The CELEX document dealing with council directive
88/576/EEC of 14 November 1988 has the document number,
388L0576, which can be broken down as follows:

       3           directives belong in sector 3
       88          year 88
       L           from the table above, the code is L
       0576        the identifying number

10.      JUSTIS Weekly Law CD-ROM

10.1.    Introduction to JUSTIS Weekly Law CD-ROM

JUSTIS Weekly Law CD-ROM is the CD-ROM version of the Weekly Law
Reports database and the Law Reports Index (The Red Book).

Weekly Law Reports (WLR) is a weekly series except during the late
summer recess when it does not appear.  It is published in three
volumes within which the Editors report all Superior Court decisions
of importance to the development of the law.

      Volume 1 - the `starred' cases cases of lesser importance

      Volume 2 & 3 - cases which will subsequently be reported, with
      the addition of a report of argument, in the Law Reports

The JUSTIS Weekly Law Reports database contains all three volumes
from 1985 to the present.

WLR covers judgments of English courts viz: House of Lords, Privy
Council, Court of Appeal, High Court, Ecclesiastical Courts,
Restrictive Practices Court.

The Law Reports Index is a comprehensive Index consolidated and published
annually in ten-year cycles.  The current database covers the years 1981
to 1990.  The index covers not only the Council's own publications i.e.

           THE LAW REPORTS
           THE WEEKLY LAW REPORTS
           THE INDUSTRIAL CASES REPORTS
             incorporating
           THE RESTRICTIVE PRACTICES REPORTS

but also includes cases reported in the following series

           All England Law Reports
           Criminal Appeal Reports
           Lloyd's Law Reports
           Local Government Reports
           Road Traffic Reports
           Tax Cases and Tax Case Leaflets

The table of Subject Matter covers all cases reported in the Council
of Law Reporting's own series as well as all cases appearing exclusively
in the other series of reports listed above; it contains comprehensive
cross-references. The Indexes also contain tables of Cases, Statutes,
Statutory Instruments, Overseas and European Community Enactments and
International Conventions judicially considered. Thus if a judge has said
anything in any reported case which might be argued to affect the weight
or effect of any previous decision, or the meaning of any enactment, a
reference will be found in the appropriate table to the previous decision
or enactment. The table of Cases Judicially Considered is not limited to
decisions mentioned in the headnotes of the reports.

10.2.    WLR Fields

Each WLR case report is divided into the following fields:

TITLE        Names of the parties, court and judges and dates of the
             hearing and judgment

CATCHWORDS   Subject matter headings based on the Law Reports
             Indexes, with sub- and sub-sub- headings, followed by a
             few phrases to describe the nature of the case, and any
             relevant statutory provisions

HEADNOTE     Summary of the case, setting out essential facts on
             which decision is based and the holding, showing the
             reason for the decision, with references to relevant
             authorities

CITATION     Tables of cases referred to in the judments and cited in
             argument

COUNSEL      Names of the advocates appearing in the case

JUDGMENT     Text of the judgment as delivered

ORDER        Decision of the court

SOLICITORS   Names of the solicitors instructed in the case

FOOTNOTE     References raised in the report

REPORTER     Name or initials of barrister reporting the case

10.3.    Law Reports Index Fields

10.3.1   Cases Reported

This section of the database lists all the case reported in all the
series with all their references.

 Case Title       The Parties involved in the case

 References       Bibliographic reference(s) to the report's
                  publication

Example:


Debenhams Plc. v. Westminster City Council    <-- Case Title
[1987] A.C. 396; [1986] 3 W.L.R. 1063;        <-- References

10.3.2   Subject Matter

Subject Matter Titles list the titles under which cases can be found in
the Subject Matter file.

Subject Matter gives a brief description of the case (taken from the
catchwords of the most authoritative report.  The main heading, which
will be one of those listed in the Titles file, will be followed by
secondary and tertiary heading (sub-headings and sub-sub-headings) to
narrow down your search for similar cases on the same subject matter.
The title HUSBAND AND WIFE has four headings for convenience as does
EMPLOYMENT: Unfair dismissal.

Following the catchwords, which will include relevant statutory
provisions, will come the name of the case with the references to the
Law Reports, the Weekly Law Reports and I.C.R. where appropriate,
otherwise the reference to the relevant series.

 Main Heading     The Main Titles under which Cases are indexed
                  (see chapter 10.5. for a complete list)

 Sub Heading      Secondary Headings under which Cases are indexed

 Sub-Sub Heading  Tertiary Headings under which Cases are indexed

Example:


BANKING              <-- Main Heading      |
Duty of care         <-- Sub Heading       |  Headings
Advice               <-- Sub-Sub Heading   |

Allegation of negligent advice in relation to .........
Loss of greater part of moneys invested - Whether .....
duty of care - Whether respondents entitled to ........
advice

   Royal Bank Trust Co. (Trinidad) Ltd. v. Pampellonne,
                         P.C. [1987] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 218

10.3.3   Cases Judicially Considered

Cases Judicially Considered file enables you to find those cases which
have been referred to in subsequent cases to an extent which could affect
the weight or effect of the previous decision and which you would need to
know about before you could rely on it.

 Case Title       The Parties involved in the case

 References       Bibliographic reference(s) to the report's
                  publication

 Applications     Parties and Bibliographic reference(s) to
                  the subsequent cases.

Example:
                         Case Title           References
                            |                      |
                            |                      |
Acrecrest Ltd. v. W. S. Hattrell & Partners        |
                                                   |
[1983] Q.B. 260; [1982] 3 W.L.R. 1076; [1983] 1 All E.R....

Applied, Cynat Products Ltd. v. Landbuild (Investment and.. |
   [1984] 3 All E.R. 513.                                   |
                                                            |
Distinguished, Governors of the Peabody Donation Fund v.... |
   Parkinson & Co. Ltd. [1985] A.C. 210; [1983] 3 W.L.R.... |
                                                            |
Overruled, Governors of the Peabody Donation Fund v. Sir... |
   Parkinson & Co. Ltd. [1985] A.C. 210; [1984] 3 W.L.R.... |
                                                            |
                                                            |
                                        Applications  <------


10.3.4   Ships' Names

Although SHIPS' NAMES is part of the SUBJECT MATTER List, for databases
purposes it has been created as a separate searchable database.

The entries in this database are not divided into separate fields.

Example:

                             Montana
                           The Montana,
                 Sheen J. [1990] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 402

10.3.5   Statutes Judicially Considered

Statutes Judicially Considered file lists all the statutory provisions
that have been judicially considered giving you the name of the relevant
case and its reference.

The entries in this database are not divided into separate fields.


10.3.6   SIs Etc. Judicially Considered

Statutory Instruments Etc. Judicially Considered list the most significant
judicial references to the provisions in this category.

The entries in this database are not divided into separate fields.


10.4.    Search Hints

The HEADNOTE field is comprehensive.  This makes it a good choice to
begin a line of enquiry.  The results of a general query of the
contents of HEADNOTE can then be narrowed down if necessary by making
secondary searches either in HEADNOTE or in one of the other fields.

The CATCHWORDS field is a good place to start a general search for
cases of a particular nature, such as cases involving negligence or
personal injury or other easily identifiable concepts.  A list of
catchwords taken from the Law Reports Index is included in the
appendix at the end of this manual.  The list can also be seen on
your PC. While you the JUSTIS Weekly Law Reports Database is active
do the following:

    Press <F4> or <ALT> <F> to open the Fields menu
    Highlight: Catchword
    Press <F1>

Every field has a help screen which you can read by pressing <F1>.

Searching in the TITLE field is useful if you already have some
details of the case, such as the name of one of the parties or of the
judge.

10.5.    JUSTIS Weekly Law CD-ROM Subjects

The Main Titles under which Cases are indexed in the Law Reports
Index.  These titles are also used in the Weekly Law Reports CATCHWORDS
field.

Administration of Estates          Admiralty
Adoption                           Agency
Agricultural Holding               Agriculture
Aircraft                           Animal
Arbitration                        Arrest
Australia

Bahamas, The                       Bailment
Banking                            Bankruptcy
Barbados                           Barrister
Bermuda                            Bill of Exchange
Building                           Building Society
Burden of Proof

Carriage by Land                   Cemetery
Channel Islands                    Charity
Children and Young Persons         Chattel
Club                               Commercial Court
Commons                            Company
Confidential Information           Compulsory Purchase

Conflict of Laws                   Conspiracy
Contempt of Court                  Contract
Conversion                         Copyright
Coroner                            Costs
Court of Appeal (Civil Division)   County Court
Crime                              Crown
Crown Court                        Crown Proceedings
Currency

Damages                            Deed
Dentist                            Discrimination, Race
Discrimination, Sex

Easement                           Ecclesiastical Law
Education                          Employment
Equity                             Estoppel
European Economic Community        Evidence
European Court of Justice          Exchange Control
Executor and Administrator         Execution
Extradition
Fact or Law                        Factory
Fair Trading                       False Imprisonment
Family Provision                   Fatal Accidents Acts
Fiji                               Financial Services
Fire Brigade                       Firearms
Fishery                            Food and Drugs
Fraud                              Fugitive Offender

Gambia                             Game
Gaming                             Gift
Guarantee

Habeas Corpus                      Hackney Carriage
Hallmarking                        Hawkers and Pedlars
Health and Safety                  High Court
Highway                            Hire-Purchase
Hong Kong                          House of Lords
Housing                            Husband and Wife

Immigration                        Industrial Relations
Industrial Training                Injunction
Insurance                          Interest
International Law                  Isle of Man

Jamaica                            Joint Interest
Joint Tortfeasors                  Judge
Judicial Precedent                 Judicial Review
Justices

Land Charge                        Land Registration
Landlord and Tenant                Lands Tribunal
Law Reform                         Law Report
Legal Aid                          Legitimacy
Libel and Slander                  Licence or Tenancy
Licensing                          Lien
Limitation of Action               Local Government

Maintenance of Suit                Malaysia
Market                             Mauritius
Medical Practitioner               Meetings
Mental Disorder                    Metropolis
Military Law                       Mines
Minor                              Mobile Homes
Mortgage

National Health Service            National Heritage
Nationality                        Natural Justice
Negligence                         Nemo Debet Bis Vexari
New Zealand                        Northern Ireland
Nuisance

Occupiers' Liability               Open Court

Parliament                         Partnership
Passing Off                        Patent
Police                             Power of Appointment
Power of Attorney                  Practice
Prisons                            Privy Council
Probate                            Public Health
Public Policy

Quantum Meruit

Railways                           Rating
Restitution                        Restraint of Trade
Restrictive Covenant               Restrictive Practices
Revenue                            River
Road Traffic                       Rylands v. Fletcher

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines   Sale of Goods
Sarawak                            Scrap Metal Dealer
Sequestration                      Settlement
Ship's Names                       Shipping
Shop                               Singapore
Social Security                    Solicitor
Specific Performance               Statute
Statutory Instrument               Statutory Power
Street Trading

Tenants in Common                  Tort
Town Planning                      Trade Description
Trade Dispute                      Trade Mark
Trade Union                        Trespass
Tribunal                           Trinidad and Tobago
Trust for Sale                     Trusts

Undue Influence
Vagrancy                           Vendor and Purchaser
Vicarious Liability                Volenti Non Fit Injuri

Waiver                             Weights and Measures
West Indies                        Will
Words and Phrases

11.      Statutory Instruments

11.1.    Introduction to SIs

Acts of Parliament do not always provide for the regulation of every
detail of the subject or subjects with which they deal.  Instead they
confer powers to government ministers for such regulation by means of
the Statutory Instruments (SIs).

For example, it would not be practicable for Parliament to decide
upon the enactment of every regulation of the Road Traffic Regulation
Act 1967, so the Act empowers the Secretary of State for Transport to
administer the Act in its many hundred individual applications
through Statutory Instruments.

The term Statutory Instrument was brought into use by the Statutory
Instruments Act 1946, and covers most subordinate legislation made
by the central Government since the commencement of that Act on 1
January 1948.  The term Statutory Instruments is sometimes used, in a
collective sense, to include earlier instruments more correctly
called statutory rules and orders.

There may be as many as 2,000 SIs each year.  Each SI is given an SI
number in the SI series numbered from 1 each calendar year, e.g. SI
1987/16.  This document, Statutory Instrument No. 16 in 1987, sets
out in considerable detail the manner in which the Ministry of
Transport exercises its powers under Sections 64 and 65(i) of the
Road Traffic Regulation Act 1954, concerning the siting, layout and
construction of Pelican Crossings.

11.2.    Jurisdiction of SIs

The extent of jurisdiction of SIs does vary.  The three basic units
of jurisdiction are England and Wales, Scotland and Northern
Ireland.  Commencement orders are particularly important in this
respect since they actually bring an Act or part of an Act into
operation in a particular jurisdiction at a particular commencement
date.

The Scottish series of SIs are made by a Scottish authority and apply
to Scotland only.  Scottish SIs are included on SI-CD.

The Northern Ireland series consist of Orders in Council made under
section 1(3) of the Northern Ireland (Temporary Provisions) Act 1972
or paragraph 1 of Schedule 1 of the Northern Ireland Act 1974. Most
Northern Ireland Orders are not yet included on this version of SI-CD
but will be added in a future update.

11.3.    Main SI Database

Statutory Instruments printed and published by HMSO are produced
using sophisticated computerised typesetting systems which
capture SI data electronically.  Context then takes the
electronic form of SIs from HMSO and converts this into CD-ROM
format for inclusion on SI-CD.

The main SI Database contains the text of Statutory Instruments
published by HMSO in the period January 1987 to March 1991 as well
as bibliographic references to SIs printed during April to
August 1991.

The text of a few Statutory Instruments has had to be omitted
from SI-CD for technical reasons but may be added to future updates.

Where a search identifies a missing SI document, a
message indicating title, SI number and omission information
will be displayed. Similar information is also given for Local
SIs not printed or published by HMSO and therefore not included
on SI-CD.

Further details concerning the data can be found on SI-CD in the
Product Description screen.  To view this screen, do the
following:

    Press <ALT> <A> or <F9> to select Manual
    Press <P> for a description of SI-CD on-screen

While all reasonable care has been taken to ensure the accuracy
of data carried on SI-CD, users are reminded that the printed
SIs published by HMSO remain the authoritative version.

11.4.    SI Catalogue Database

The SI Catalogue Database contains bibliographic references
for Statutory Instruments published by HMSO during the period
1980-1990.

These catalogue references extend the full coverage of SI-CD to
over eleven years.  The catalog entry of an SI is especially
interesting because it includes a reference to an enabling Act
of Parliament.

11.5.    SI Fields

11.5.0.  SI Fields

Most Statutory Instruments are fairly short and have roughly the
same structure. SIs are divided up into fields as described below.
Some fields occur in both the main and the catalogue databases,
other fields only occur in one or the other.  Press <F1> while
highlighting a field in the Field Menu for more indepth discussion
of each field

Field Name      Main or Catalogue     Description
------------    -----------------     -----------------------------

 SI TYPE          main only            SI Type - Standard or Draft
 NUMBER             both               Year and number of SI
 SUBJECT          main only            Subject covered by SI
 TITLE              both               Title
 MADE               both               Date made
 LAID               both               Date laid before relevant body
                                       (i.e. Parliament)
 COMMENCE           both               Date SI comes into force
 PREAMBLE         main only            Preamble
 SIGNED           main only            Signature and date
 ACT              catalogue only       Enabling Act of the SI


11.5.1.  Heading

SI TYPE      Indicates whether the document is standard or draft
             written as:

                Statutory Instrument
             or
                Draft Statutory Instrument

NUMBER       SI number and year written as:

                1987 No. 933
             or
                1987 No. 882 (S.74)

SUBJECT      A term assigned to describe the subject matter of
             the SI written as:

                AGRICULTURE
                CABS
                PENSIONS

TITLE        The title of the SI written as "The Social Security
             (Claims and Payments) Amendment Regulation 1987"
             for example.

11.5.2.  DATES

The DATES group consists of the three date fields associated
with an SI.

MADE         Date the SI was made written as:

             Made 13th May 1987

LAID         Date SI was laid before the appropriate governing
             body written as:

             Laid before the House of Commons      14th May 1987

COMMENCE     Date that the SI comes into force written as:

             Coming into force                     6th June 1987

11.5.3.  Other Fields

PREAMBLE     Paragraph giving details of the Government Ministry
             and/or the official making the SI along with the
             enabling Act of Parliament, for example:

             The Treasury, in exercise of the powers conferred
             on them by section 29(3) of the Representation of
             the People Act 1983a), hereby make the following
             Regulations:

SIGNED       Details of the signatory of the SI including the
             name and position held by the signing official
             written as:

             John MacGregor
             Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food.

ACT          Details of the SIs enabling Act written as:

             Enabling Power: Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984
                             s. 14 (1) (2).

12.      Single Market CD-ROM (SM-CD)

12.1.    Spearhead

12.1.1.  Spearhead Database

Spearhead is the Department of Trade and Industry's on-line database of
single market information. It provides a unique guide to the changes
facing business up to 1992 and beyond. It summarises all current and
prospective EC measures in the single market programme and in other
areas which have substantial implications for business, including EC
measures on health and safety at work, the environment and on the
'social dimension' of the single market.

It provides details of:

 - measures which have been adopted (with required dates of
   transposition into Member States' national legislation, and
   where appropriate how they have been implemented in this country);

 - proposals currently under discussion in Brussels (with the EC
   Treaty base and consequential voting procedure in the Council of
   Ministers);

 - and others which the Commission has said it intends to submit.

In addition Spearhead gives details of collaborative EC Research and
Development programmes to help firms take full advantage of these
programmes for which half the funding is usually provided by the EC.

Another section of Spearhead gives notifications made under Directive
83/189. These are intended to help avoid the creation of new barriers
to trade in Europe by giving the Commission and the other 11 Member
States the opportunity to review in draft all new national legislation
affecting trade or technical barriers.

Spearhead gives the name and telephone number of the official in
Whitehall responsible for each measure. This contact will be able
to give more detailed advice on how the measure will affect your
activities.

Context has added the full text of relevant adopted legislation
(where available) to each Spearhead entry, to provide a complete
document. Both the SINGLE MARKET CD-ROM and the JUSTIS On-Line
versions of Spearhead contain information gathered from CELEX.

The information on the On-Line version of Spearhead is updated
weekly.

Please note:

    Information on this database is subject to change.
    Check current status before taking action.


12.1.2.  Spearhead's Main Subject Headings

12.1.2.1. Single Market Measures

The Removal of Physical Barriers

    Control of Goods

        Various Customs Controls on Goods
        Veterinary Controls
        Phytosanitary Controls
        Fish Health
        Fish Hygiene

    Control of Individuals

        Customs Control of Individuals

The Removal of Technical Barriers

    Free Movement of Goods

        New Approach to Technical Harmonisation
        Motor Vehicles
        Tractors and Agricultural Machines
        Chemical Products
        Food Law
        Pharmaceuticals and High-Technology Medicines
        Construction and Construction Products
        Other Items

    Public Procurement

        Public Procurement

    Free Movement for Labour and the Professions

        Freedom of Movement

    Common Market for Services

        Broadcasting and the Audiovisual Industry
        Financial Services
        Information Technology
        Postal Services
        Transport
        Telecommunications

    Capital Movements and Economic Policy

        Capital Movements
        EMU/General Economic Policy

    Creation of Suitable Conditions for Industrial Cooperation

        Company Law
        Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs)
        Intellectual and Industrial Property
        Company Taxation

The Removal of Fiscal Barriers

        Fiscal Barriers

12.1.2.2. Other EC Legislation

        Competition Policy
        Consumer Protection
        Energy
        Energy Efficiency
        Energy Technology
        Environmental Protection
        Health and Safety at the Workplace
        Health Protection
        Social Legislation


12.1.3.  Spearhead Fields

 TITLE           : The title of the measure, its official number and
                   reference to the Official Journal of the European
                   Communities in which the full text is published.

                   The status of the measure is always displayed next
                   to the word "TITLE" on the first line of the document:

                   For example:

                       TITLE (projected)
                       TITLE (proposed)
                       TITLE (adopted)
                       TITLE (implemented)

 SUBJECT         : This field gives an indication of the subject area
                   with which the measure is dealing. For a full list
                   of main subject headings see chapter 12.1.2.

                   Please note the following codes used in the SUBJECT
                   field:

                   (WP) : measures in the Commission's single market
                          programme

                   (SC) : measures in the Commission's social action
                          programme

 STATUS          : This field gives the stage in the legislative process
                   the measure has reached, i.e. whether projected,
                   proposed, adopted or implemented.

 SUMMARY         : Provides a short factual summary of the measure.

 LEGAL BASE      : Cites the EC Treaty base under which the proposal has
                   been made, and the consequential voting procedure
                   in the Council of Ministers.

 IMPLEMENTATION  : (shown in the document as "HOW IMPLEMENTED")
                   Where appropriate explains how the measure has been
                   implemented in the United Kingdom.

 DOCNUM          : (shown in the document as "DOCUMENT No")
                   This field contains a document number from the
                   CELEX database.  This number identifies the
                   relevant legislation for the measure presented
                   in the Spearhead document.

                   This information is not part of the main Spearhead
                   database, and has been included by Context.

                   For a detailed explanation of the way document
                   numbers are created and used see chapter 9.5.

 TEXT            : This is the full text of relevant legislation
                   added to Spearhead documents from the CELEX
                   database (where available).

                   This information is not part of the main Spearhead
                   database, and has been included by Context.


12.2.    INFO 92

12.2.1.  INFO 92 Database

INFO 92 is a system of information on the completion of the internal
market and its social dimension, produced by the Commission of the
European Communities.

Coverage

INFO 92 traces back all the documents relating to the completion of the
internal market or its social dimension. Current INFO 92 services cover:

 1. Completion of the internal market

     (i) News update: this section contains a statistical table
         presenting the progress made on the completion of the internal
         market; it lists the agenda and the results of the Council
         meetings and the European Parliament sessions; it also gives
         the dates of entry into force of Community measures.
         Additionally one can find a sector on German unification.

    (ii) Completing the internal market: summaries and publication
         references to adopted or proposed measures on the implementation
         of the White Paper.

   (iii) National implementing measures: tables indicate, for each
         country, the state of transposition of Community directives,
         within their internal legal system.

 2. Social dimension of the internal market

   Summaries and publication references to adopted or proposed measures
   on the carrying out of the Commission's action programme relating to
   the implementation of the Community Charter of the Fundamental Social
   Rights of Workers.


Sources

The sources for this database are:

   (i) Official Journal of the European Communities, C and L Series;
  (ii) Commission and Council press releases;
 (iii) Documents of the EC Commission, Council, Parliament and Economic
       and Social Committee.


Creation Dates

  June 1989  :  completion of the internal market
  June 1991  :  social dimension of the internal market


Please note:

    Information on this database is subject to change.
    Check current status before taking action.

12.2.2.  INFO 92 Subject Headings

12.2.2.1. Completion of the Internal Market

                Removal of Physical Frontiers
                -----------------------------

Control of Goods

    Current Problems and 1992 Objectives
    Customs Controls and Formalities
    Duty Free Admission of Commercial Vehicle Fuel
    Statistics On Trade Between Member States
    Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances
    Mutual Assistance For The Recovery of Claims
    Vocational Training of Customs Officials
    Cultural Goods
    Abolition of The Transit Advice Note
    Waste
    Controls and Formalities Applicable To Baggage
    Inspections and Formalities On The Carriage of Goods
    Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances
    Mutual Assistance For The Recovery of Claims
    Vocational Training of Customs Officials
    Movement of Goods Within The Community
    Cultural Goods

Veterinary Controls

    Current Problems and 1992 Objectives
    Animal Health
        Contagious Bovine Pleuro-pneumonia in Portugal
        Heat Treatment of Pork Products
        Foot and Mouth Disease
        Aujesky's Disease
        Brucellosis, Tuberculosis and Leucosis
        Trade in and Imports of Animal Semen
        Trade in and Imports of Bovine Embryos
        Sheep and Goats
        Intra-conmunity Trade in Poultry and Hatching Eggs
        Animal Welfare During Transport
        Trade in Equidae
        Marketing of Rodents
        Infectious Haematopoietic Necrosis
        Animals and Animal Products
        Aquaculture Animals and Products
    Public Health
        Control of Residues
        Growth Promoting Hormones
        Milk
        Production and Marketing of Egg Products
        Medical Examination of Personnel
        Meat Inspection Personnel
        Meat
        Imports and Intra-community Trade in Glands and Organs
        Animal Fat
        Products of Animal Origin
        Fishery Products
        Molluscs
        Animal Feedingstuffs
    Public and Animal Health
        Abolition of Veterinary Checks At Internal Frontiers
        Application of Veterinary Legislation
        Importation of Bovine Animals, Swine and Fresh Meat
        Eradication of Rabies
        Rabbit Meat and Farmed Game Meat
        Safeguard Measures
        Expenditure in The Veterinary Field
    Zootechnical Aspects
        Purebred Breeding Cattle
        Purebred Breeding Pigs
        Purebred Breeding Sheep and Goats
        Marketing of Purebred Animals
        Intra-community Trade in Equidae

Plant Health Controls

    Current Problems and 1992 Objectives
    Plant Protection Products
    Official Certification of Seeds
    Marketing of Seed Potatoes
    Protection Against Organisms Harmful To Plants
    Additives in Animal Feedingstuffs
    Pesticide Residues
    Organic Production of Agricultural Products and Foodstuffs
    Vegetables
    Fruit Plants
    Ornamental Plants
    Community Protection of Plant Variety Rights

Control of Individuals

    Current Problems and 1992 Objectives
    Arms Legislation
    Tax Exemption
        International Travel
        Intra-community Traveller's Allowances: Denmark
        Increase in Allowances in Intra-community Travel
        Small Consignments of Goods of A Non-commercial Character
        Permanent Import of Goods
        Permanent Import of Personal Property
        Temporary Import of Certain Means of Transport
    Easing of Controls At Borders
    Processing of Personal Data


                Removal of Thecnical Frontiers
                ------------------------------

Standards

    New Approach in Harmonization
        Current Problems and 1992 Objectives
        Extension of Information Procedures
        Simple Pressure Vessels
        Toy Safety
        Safety of Machinery
        Mobile Machinery
        Electromagnetic Compatability
        Non-automatic Weighing Instruments
        Medical Equipment
        Gas Appliances
        Personal Protective Equipment
        Certification and Testing
        Lifts
        Electrical Equipment For Use in Explosive Atmospheres
    Motor Vehicles
        Current Problems and 1992 Objectives
        EEC Type-approval
        Weights and Dimensions
        Tyres
        Safety Glass
        Motorcycle Exhaust System Noise
        Lateral Protection of Goods Vehicles
        Air Pollution
        Spray-suppression Devices
        Weights, Dimensions and Characteristics of Road Vehicles
    Tractors  and Agricultural Machinery
        Current Problems and 1992 Objectives
        EEC Type-approval
        Front-mounted Protection Structures
    Food Stuffs
        Current Problems and 1992 Objectives
        Additives
        Materials in Contact With Foodstuffs
        Labelling
        Foodstuffs For Particular Nutritional Uses
        Official Inspection of Foodstuffs
        Sampling and Analysis Methods
        Quick Frozen Food
        Coffee and Chicory Extracts
        Fruit Juices and Similar Products
        Fruit Jams, Jellies and Marmalades and Chestnut Puree
        Treatment With Ionizing Radiation
        Lot
        Product Quality
    Pharmaceutical Products
        Current Problems and 1992 Objectives
        High Technology Medicinal Products
        Proprietary Medicinal Products: Testing
        Propriety Medicinal Products
        Veterinary Medicines: Residues
        Veterinary Medecines: Free Movement
        Veterinary Medecines: Immunological Products
        Veterinary Medecines: Testing Standards
        Pricing
        Extension of Legislation
        Immunological Medicinal Products
        Medicinal Products Derived From Human Blood or Plasma
        Radiopharmaceuticals
        Rational Use of Medicinal Products
        Supplementary Protection Certificate For Medicinal Products
        Advertising of Medicinal Products For Human Use
        Homeopathic Medicinal Products
        European Agency For Assessing Medicinal Products
    Chemical Products
        Current Problems and 1992 Objectives
        Marketing and Use of Dangerous Substances
        Classification, Packaging and Labelling
        Detergents
        Marketing of Fertilizers
    Construction
        Current Problems and 1992 Objectives
        Tower Cranes: Sound Levels
        Fire Safety in Hotels
        Construction Products
    Other Areas
        Current Problems and 1992 Objectives
        Noise
        Non-clinical Laboratory Tests (Glp)
        Dangerous Products Resembling Foodstuffs
        Cosmetic Products
        Foodstuff Prices
        Non-food Product Prices

Public Procurement

    Current Problems and 1992 Objectives
    Public Supply Contracts
    Public Works Contracts
    Water, Energy, Transport and Telecommunications
    Review Procedures
    Public Contracts For Services

Free Movement of Labour and The Professions

    Current Problems and 1992 Objectives
    Free Movement of Workers
    Income Tax
    Right of Residence
    Recognition of Diplomas
    Comparability of Qualifications
    Training in Technology
    Pharmacy
    Specific Training in General Medical Practice
    Commercial Agents

Common Market For Services

    Banking
        Current Problems and 1992 Objectives
        Credit Institutions
        Freedom To Provide Banking Services: Second Directive
        Annual Accounts of Banks
        Annual Accounts of Branches of Foreign Banks
        Own Funds
        Deposit Guarantee Schemes
        Monitoring of Large Exposures
        Mortgage Credit
        Solvency Ratios
        Money Laundering
        Security Given By Credit Institutions or Insurance
    Insurance
        Current Problems and 1992 Objectives
        Insurance Companies
        Insurance Contracts
        Legal Expenses Insurance
        Credit and Suretyship Insurance
        Motor Vehicle Liability Insurance
        Life Assurance
        Non-life Insurance
        Insurance Committee
    Transactions in Securities
        Current Problems and 1992 Objectives
        Stock Exchange Listing Particulars
        Prospectus For Public Offerings
        Major Holdings
        The Regulation of Insider Trading
        Investment Services and Ucits
        Capital Adequacy
    Transport Services
        Current Problems and 1992 Objectives
        Carriage of Goods By Road
        Carriage of Passengers By Road
        Inland Waterway Transport
        Maritime Transport
        Air Transport : Passenger Capacity and Market Access
        Air Transport : Fares
        Air Transport : Competition Law
        Inter-regional Air Services
        Civil Aviation Licences
        Harmonization of Civil Aviation Licences
        Air Cargo Services
    New Technologies and Services
        Current Problems and 1992 Objectives
        Television
        Payment Systems
        Standardization : Information and Telecommunications
        Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
        Implementation of An Open Network Provision
        Pan-european Mobile Telephones
        Radio Frequencies
        Digital European Cordless Telecommunications - DECT
        Competition in The Market For Telecommunication Services
        Protection of Personal Data
        Information Security
        Exchange of Electronic Data
        Single European Emergency Call Number
        International Telephone Access Code
        Digital Short-range Radio - DSRR
        Information Services Market

Capital Movements

    Current Problems and 1992 Objectives
    Full Liberalization of Capital Movements

Business Cooperation

    Company Law
        Current Problems and 1992 Objectives
        Disclosure, Validity and Nullity of Companies
        Formation of Public Limited Liability Companies
        Mergers Between Public Limited Liability Companies
        Division of Public Limited Liability Companies
        Annual Accounts of Companies With Limited Liability
        Consolidated Accounts of Companies With Limited Liability
        Annual Accounts and Consolidated Accounts
        Qualifications of Persons Responsible of Accounts Documents
        Disclosure Requirements
        Single-member Private Limited Liability Companies
        Structure of Public Limited Companies
        Takeover and Other General Bids
        European Economic Interest Grouping
        European Company Statute
    Intellectual Property
        Current Problems and 1992 Objectives
        Community Trade Mark
        Trade Marks : Approximation of National Legislation
        Community Trade Mark Office
        Legal Protection : Topographies of Semi-condutor Products
        Legal Protection : Blotechnological Inventions
        Legal Protection : Computer Programs
        Berne and Rome Conventions
        Rental Right and Lending Right
        Copyright and Neighbouring Rights
    Company Taxation
        Current Problems and 1992 Objectives
        Parent Companies and Subsidiaries
        Elimination of Double Taxation (Arbitration Procedure)
        Mergers, Divisions and Contributions of Assets
        Carryover of Losses
        Securities Transactions
        Interest and Royalty Payments
        Arrangements For Taking Losses Into Account
    Competition
        Merger Control


                   Removal of Tax Frontiers
                   ------------------------

Value Added Tax

    Current Problems and 1992 Objectives
    Abolition of Derogations
    Approximation of Rates
    Convergence of Rates
    Non-deductible Expenditure
    Common VAT Scheme
    Refunds To Non EEC Taxable Persons
    Temporary Importation of Goods
    Stores of Vessels, Aircraft and International Trains
    Second-hand Goods, Works of Art, Antiques Etc
    Transitional Taxation Arrangements
    Administrative Cooperation : Indirect Taxation

Excise Duties

    Current Problems and 1992 Objectives
    Harmonization of Duty Structures
        General Arrangements
        Alcoholic Beverages
        Manufactured Tobacco
        Mineral Oils
        Rum
    Harmonization of Excise Duty Rates

12.2.2.2. Social Dimension of the Internal Market

                       SOCIAL CHARTER
                       --------------

INTRODUCTION

    1957 - Treaty of Rome
    Single European Act
        General points
        Articles 118 a and b
        Article 130
    Social Charter
        Background
        Content
    Commission's action programme

LABOUR MARKET

    Current problems and objectives for 1992
        Commission's action programme
        Initiatives
    Report on employment in Europe
    Employment observatory and documentation system
        NEC - Network of employment co-ordinators
        MISEP - Mutual Information System on Employment Policies
        SYSDEM   European system of documentation on employment
    Programmes - creating jobs for specific groups
        ERGO  - Action programme for long-term unemployment
        LEDA  - Local Employment Development Action programme
        SPEC - Support Programme for Employment Creation
        ELISE   European info. network on local employment initiatives
    SEDOC
    European Social Fund measures
        Existing regulations
        Annual report
    EUROFORM - New qualifications and employment opportunities
    NOW - Equal opportunities
    HORIZON - The disabled and other disadvantaged groups

EMPLOYMENT AND PAY

    Current problems and objectives for 1992
        Social Charter
        Commission's action programme
        Initiatives
    Fair pay arrangements
    Atypical work - Certain employment relationships
        Certain employment relationships : working conditions
        Certain employment relationships : distortions of competition
        Temporary workers : health and safety

IMPROVED LIVING AND WORKING CONDITIONS

    Current problems and objectives for 1992
        Social Charter
        Commission's action programme
        Initiatives
    Collective redundancies - revision of Directive 75/129/EEC
    Transfers of undertakings - Safeguarding of employees'rights
    Insolvency of employers
    Reorganization of working time
    Provision of a written declaration
    Social integration of migrants/non-member countries
    European Foundation

FREE MOVEMENT OF WORKERS

    Current problems and objectives for 1992
        Social Charter
        Commission's action programme
        Initiatives
    SEDOC
    Right to remain in the territory of a Member State
    Social security for migrant workers
    Working conditions - Subcontracting
    Complementary social security schemes
    Living and working conditions for frontier-zone workers
    Inclusion of a social clause in public contracts
    Movement and residence of workers
        Coordination of special measures
        Removal of restrictions on movement and residence
        Workforce mobility
        Workers' trade union rights

SOCIAL PROTECTION

    Current problems and objectives for 1992
        Social Charter
        Commission's action programme
        Initiatives
    Social protection : convergence of aims
        NISSOC - Social protection information systems
        Convergence of aims and policies
    Adequate benefits and resources
    Poverty III and economic and social Integration
    Protection of pregnant women ans new mothers

FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION AND COLLECTIVE BARGAINING

    Current problems and objectives for 1992
        Social Charter
        Commission's action programme
        Initiatives
    Role of the two sides of industry in collective bargaining
    Social dialogue
        Background
        Social dialogue - joint opinions
        Social dialogue at industry level

INFORMATION CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION OF EMPLOYEES

    Current problems and objectives for 1992
        Social Charter
        Commission's action programme
        Initiatives
    Information and consultation procedures
    Shareholding and financial participation of employees
    European company statutes

EQUAL TREATMENT FOR MEN AND WOMEN

    Current problems and objectives for 1992
        Social Charter
        Commission's action programme
        Initiatives
    Equal pay principle
    Access to employment, training and professional development
    Equal treatment - Social security
    Occupational social security schemes
    Self-employed activity, including agricultural workers
    Parental leave and leave for family reasons
    Statutory and occupational social security schemes
    Burden of proof - equal pay
    Protection of pregnant women or new mothers
    Third equal opportunities programme
    Childcare facilities
    Code of good practice - Pregnancy and maternity protection
    Code of good conduct - Dignity of men and women at work
    NOW - Equal opportunities

VOCATIONAL TRAINING

    Current problems and objectives for 1992
        Social Charter
        Commission's action programme
        Initiatives
    Access to vocational training
    Common policy on vocational training
        CEDEFOP
    Rationalization and coordination of programmes
        Memorandum
        PETRA
        Exchanges of young workers
        ERASMUS
        COMETT
        FORCE
        EUROTECNET
        IRIS
        LINGUA
        TEMPUS
    Analysis of qualification requirements
    Correspondence of qualifications
    EUROFORM - New qualifications and employment opportunities

HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK

    Current problems and objectives for 1992
        Social Charter
        Commission's action programme
        Initiatives
    General measures
        Improved health and safety at work
        European agency for safety and health at work
        European health and safety year
    Health and safety at work - Minimum requirements
        At the workplace
        For the use of work equipment
        For the use of personal protection equipment
        ManuaL handling and loads
        Work on visual display screen equipment
        Safety signs at work
        Imnroved medical assistance on board vessels
        Temporarv and mobile sites
        Drilling industries, quarries and open-cast mines
        Fishing vessels
        Transport activities
        Temporary workers : health and safety
        Reorganization of working time
        Protection for pregnant women or new mothers
    Occupational health and hygiene
        Exposure to chemical, physical and biological agents
        Exposition to vinyl chloride monomer
        Exposure to metallic lead and its ionic compounds
        Exposure to asbestos
        Exposure to noise
        Banning of certain specified agents and/or work activities
        Exposure to carcinogens
        European schedule of occupational disease
        Exposure to biological agents
        Exposure to risks due to physical agents
        Major accidents
        Dangers of ionizing radiation
        Exposure to certain dangerous industrial agents

RIGHTS AND PROTECTION OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

    Current problems and objectives for 1992
        Social Charter
        Commission's action programme
        Initiatives
    Approximation of legislation on protection for young people

THE ELDERLY

    Current problems and objectives for 1992
        Social Charter
        Commission's action programme
        Initiatives
    Communication and decision on the elderly

THE DISABLED

    Current problems and objectives for 1992
        Social Charter
        Commission's action programme
        Initiatives
    Second and third HELIOS programme
    HANDYNET
    Transport for workers with reduced mobility
    HORIZON - The disabled and other disadvantaged groups
    School integration
    Employment for the disabled

PUBLIC HEALTH

YOUTH

    `Youth for Europe'  programme

EDUCATION


12.2.3.  INFO 92 Fields

 HEADINGS  : The collection of all the headings through the
             hierarchy of the INFO 92 tree structure for each
             document.

 TEXT      : The main texual body of the document.

 REFERENCE : A unique number to identify an INFO 92 document.


12.3.    European Update

12.3.1.  European Update Database

This is a full text database which consists of a series of reports on
European Community Affairs, produced by Deloitte & Touche Europe
Services. These reports provide an analysis and explanation of the
developing business and economic environment in European Community
policy areas.

The information is obtained from EC official publications, newspapers,
journals, legislative and policy documents and many unpublished data
sources within the Institutions of the European Community.  This includes
where necessary and useful, personal interviews with the officials of
those institutions.

The purpose of the database is not to provide source documentation, but
to provide a concise and comprehensive summary of the current, recent
and likely future developments in particular fields.

In their on-line format, the database reports are updated weekly.

The database offers:

 - an account of the latest proposals for legislation in the European
   Community;

 - an indication of the status of those proposals and discusses important
   Judgements of the European Court of Justice relating to EC law;

 - a summary and references for EC legislation which is currently in force;

Please note:

    Information on this database is subject to change.
    Check current status before taking action.


12.3.2.  Topics Covered

European Update covers a wide range of topics, including:

- E.C. Policy Issues

   - 1992 Review
   - Agriculture
   - Business Policy
   - Consumer Affairs
   - EC Grants & loans
   - EC Institutions and Procedures
   - Economic and Monetary Integration
   - Energy
   - Environment
   - Foodstuffs
   - Higher Education
   - Public Procurement
   - Regional Policy
   - Research & Technology
   - Social Policy
   - Technical Standardisation
   - Tourism
   - Trade and Commercial Policy
   - Transport

- Industry and Commercial Sectors

   - Aerospace
   - Audiovisual/Broadcasting
   - Banking and Financial Services
   - Biotechnology
   - Chemicals
   - Construction Materials
   - Insurance
   - Motor Industry
   - Pharmaceuticals
   - Telecommunications/PTT
   - Textiles

- Tax and Legal Issues

   - Company Law
   - Competition Law
   - Intellectual Property
   - Taxation
   - Value Added Tax (VAT)

- EC External Relations

   - EC-ACP (developing countries)
   - EC-Australia
   - EC-Central and Eastern Europe
   - EC-EETA
   - EC-Japan
   - EC-USA/Canada

12.3.3.  European Update Fields

 HEADINGS  : The collection of all the headings through the
             hierarchy of the database structure for each
             document.

 TEXT      : The main texual body of the document.

13.      Official Journal (C) CD-ROM (OJC-CD)

13.1.    OJ (C) Database

The Official Journal 'C' - JUSTIS OJC-CD

The 'C' Series of the Official Journal of the European Community covers
proposed legislation, notices of European Court of Justice cases and
activities of the European Parliament and other miscellaneous documents.

While JUSTIS CELEX provides summaries from the Official Journal 'C',
the full text of these important documents has often been difficult
to acquire.  JUSTIS OJC is the only source which gives access to the
full text of Official Journal C documents in electronic form.

The Official Journal 'C' complements the 'L' series.  Any document
which is not classified as secondary legislation is published in the
OJ 'C', thus a new treaty or convention may be found in the 'C' series.

Each daily publication of the 'C' Series is divided into three parts.
These are:

Part I - Information
--------------------

This contains entries from each of the main institutions of the European
Community i.e. the Commission, the Court of Justice, the Council,
the Parliament and the Court of Auditors.

Most of the entries in Part I are designated as communications
or notices.  Other entries include, the value of the ECU,
lists of prices, entries on state aids, recapitulation of tenders, etc.

The entries from the Court of Justice occur two or three times each
month.  These consist of short summaries of judgments given by the
various chambers of the Court, now including the Court of the First
Instance and are the first official publication of any decision of
the Court.

Other entries from the Court contain the first reference of any new
case sent to the Court from a member state.  This type of entry will
be affected by later entries which refer to the progress of the case.


Part II - Preparatory Acts
--------------------------

This part contains all the proposals for new legislation in the form
of COM DOCS and any subsequent amendments to any particular proposals.
Each COM DOC consists of a preamble followed by the text of the proposed
legislation. The preamble is useful since it is, in effect, the explanatory
memorandum which gives the reasons for the new legislation.

The opinion of the Economic and Social Committee on each new proposal
is published in this part.


Part III - Notices
------------------

This contains a miscellany of entries including

  - notices of a concentration (i.e. a merger or takeover)

  - notices of the formation of a European Economic Interest Grouping
    (EEIG)

  - invitations to Tender

  - open competitions

and various other unclassified documents.

In addition to these regular entries of the OJ 'C' there are special
editions which are devoted entirely to one particular group of documents.
These publications are:-

  - The minutes of a session of the European Parliament

  - Oral and written questions submitted by members of the European
    Parliament (MEPs) and the answers given

  - The minutes of the meetings of the Economic and Social Committee
    and the opinions given.

  - New Treaties - e.g. Maastricht

  - Reports of Joint Assemblies such as the Joint Assembly of
    Convention concluded between the EEC and the African, Caribbean
    and Pacific States.

13.2.    OJ (C) Fields

 Main Headings :  This field contains all the headings which apply to
                  each entry, and it appears at the start of the
                  document.  These headings include the part number
                  (I, II or III) and name, and the community institution.

                  Example :
                                   II
                            (Preparatory Acts)
                                COMMISSION

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 Title         :  The main title of the document.

                  Example :

        Amended proposal for a Council Decision adopting a specific
     research and technological development programme in the field of
                  measurements and testing (1990 to 1994)

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 Reference     :  In each year, each publication of the OJ 'C' is given
                  a unique publication number, and each item printed in the
                  journal is given an item number,

                  e.g.      (92/C 4/07)

                  refers to item 7 of Official Journal 'C' No 4 of 1992.
                  Context adds a more textual form of the same publication
                  reference to this numerical form.

                  Example :

                          Official Journal No. C 4, 1992, Item 7
                                      (92/C 4/07)

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 Case Name     :  The entries from the Court of Justice carry a field
                  which contains the number and/or the name of the
                  case.

                  Example 1 :

            in Case C-121/90 (reference for a preliminary ruling made by
            the Kantongerecht, Beetsterzwaag): Jeen Lolkes Posthumus v.
            Rinze Oosterwoud and Anne Oosterwoud

                  Example 2 :

                                  (Case C-307/91)

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 Key Words     :  Key terms and phrases associated with cases.

                  Example :

                               (Additional milk levy)

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 Text          :  The main body of the document.

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 Footnotes     :  All footnotes are added to the end of the document.

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